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Matthew Lynch published in Ask An Expert, First Year Teachers, Matthew Lynch, Teachers December 30, 2015

Finding Support in Your First Year of Teaching

In any profession you’ll find professional groups and networks to support and encourage new professionals, as well as groups of experienced professionals seeking to advance in their profession. This  is known in the corporate world as networking. The teaching profession has several support groups  that provide information, consultation, and much-needed encouragement for the new teacher. Especially during your first year of teaching, it’s incredibly important to have an adequate support network. Good people to incorporate into your network include:

1. Counselors

Students often have to cope with difficulties, such as death, divorce, and mental and physical abuse, which can affect their academic performance. When a teacher notices signs indicating that a student is suffering from any difficulty, whether personal or physiological, it’s wise to consult with a school nurse or a school counselor who can assist in uncovering the underlying problem in a sensitive and appropriate way. Teachers normally receive plenty of support when dealing with various student problems.

2. Administrative Staff

The principal of a school often provides wonderful support and assistance to teachers, especially when disciplining misbehaving children in middle grades and high school. The principal also guides a teacher in getting to know the support staff through formal or informal meetings.

3. School Secretary

The school secretary helps the new teacher understand the school policies and assists in getting to know the rules concerning photocopying, borrowing LCD or overhead projectors, knowing where to get school supplies, and maintaining attendance records.

4. Colleagues

Fellow teachers are an important part of the support network and are very important to the new teacher. They provide mentoring, counsel, and general information about classroom management, and they help familiarize the new teacher with the rules of the school. They also help new teachers locate teaching resources in the school.

5. Professional and Specialty Organizations

Apart from school support staff, the new teacher can benefit from the many professional and specialty organizations that support the teaching profession. Professional organizations provide information, networking opportunities, and research. Specialty organizations are those that represent specific areas of interest within the profession. For example, the Association for Childhood Education International is a forum for elementary and middle-grade teachers. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages and the American Association of Physics Teachers are examples of excellent forums for teachers at the secondary level.

6. International Organizations

Several international organizations serve the field of education. Phi Delta Kappa International (PDK), for example, publishes professional materials, such as research reports and results of surveys and newsletters, and also sponsors workshops and educational meetings that enhance the entire field of education.

Just like with interviews, it may take practice to figure out how to best approach people you wish to incorporate into your personal and professional network. Be polite, be proactive, and you’ll populate your support group in no time!

Check out all our posts for First Year Teachers here.

Matthew Lynch published in Policy & Reform December 30, 2015

ESSA to boost music education nationwide

Music education will receive a boost due to the rewrite of a major federal education law.

Signed into law by President Obama earlier in December, the Every Student Succeeds Act lists music as a portion of a well-rounded education and gives it more support than previous policies when it comes to access and funding.

The law also means federal grant funding is opened for states and local school districts to support music education programs and further train music teachers.

The growing emphasis on music education is great news in places like Nashville where the Music Makes Us program recently hit a record high of students enrolled in music education programs. Music Makes Us is a public-private partnership that has received support from the Country Music Association, including $10 million for new instruments.

According to a report by Music Makes Us, more than 48,700 Metro Nashville public school students take part in music education classes. The report also says the program has increased access to music education for students across every subgroup, and shares that students enrolled in music education have shown better attitudes toward school and increased academic results over time.

It’s no secret that students who study music excel in other areas as well. Unfortunately the direct effect of music is not always noted. Hopefully the updated ESSA will mean more access for all students to music education, and a stronger learning base as a result.

Matthew Lynch published in Ask An Expert, Matthew Lynch, Teachers December 29, 2015

How to Secure a Teaching Position

In order to secure a teaching position in a public school, you must be licensed and certified to do so. There are different types of teaching licenses, including provisional, emergency, and permanent. A license authorizes you to teach, whereas a certification is an indication of what you are qualified to teach. You may also have more than one certification attached to your teaching license.

Each state sets its own requirements regarding tests and minimum passing scores to achieve state certification/licensure, although alternate paths to certification do exist. The tests are typically designed to evaluate teacher candidates’ basic academic skills, subject knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and in some cases, classroom performance.

1. Basic Skills Examination

Typically, in the first step of the process, teachers must pass basic skills examinations before they are admitted to teacher education programs or enroll in upper-level courses (those taken in the junior and senior year) at colleges and universities. The basic skills tests measure reading, writing, and mathematics skills.

2. Subject Area Tests

In the second step, educators who have graduated with a teaching degree must pass subject-area tests as part of the certification/licensure process in their state of employment. Subject assessments measure candidates’ knowledge of the academic subjects they will teach, as well as domain-specific pedagogy skills (how to best teach these particular subjects).

Many states use the Praxis system for license and certification testing. However, some states, such as Alabama, Florida, Oklahoma, and Texas, use their own testing service for certification purposes. You’ll need to check the requirements for your state.

3. “Highly Qualified”

Separate from certification, highly qualified is a status given to teachers in content areas after completing course work and/or passing a Praxis exam or equivalent. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 requires teachers to be highly qualified in their content area. Teachers may become highly qualified in multiple areas. A teacher highly qualified in elementary education may teach all subjects in grades kindergarten through sixth. After sixth grade, however, teachers must be highly qualified in each subject area they teach. For example, passing the science Praxis test makes you highly qualified in science, so you can teach this subject to students in grades 6 through 12. If you also pass the social studies Praxis, then you may teach both science and social studies.

Be aware that higher paying school districts that are known for positive teacher morale and educationally supportive communities are more competitive. This may make it more difficult for you to secure employment in one of these schools, because you’ll compete against a greater number of applicants. Take your time investigating and selecting appropriate schools to make sure that you can come up with concrete and valid reasons, sometimes other than simply high pay, that would make you willing to work in one of these schools. An additional factor to consider is that you’ll be applying along with “alternative route” teachers, who’ve already had career experience in other work forces. Taking time to identify applicants that you might be up against during the selection process will assist you in determining where your best chances lie of securing employment.

Matthew Lynch published in EdTech & Innovation, Higher Education December 29, 2015

What do American college students look like?

**The Edvocate is pleased to publish guest posts as way to fuel important conversations surrounding a P-20 education in America. The opinions contained within guest posts are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Edvocate or Dr. Matthew Lynch.**

A guest post by Jan Costenbader

Before I enter the classroom each quarter (sometimes virtually), I always wonder about what my class looks like. Sometimes there are more women than men, sometimes it is a very diverse group, sometimes there are adult students, but one thing is certain, every year the incoming freshmen look younger and younger. Certainly, this is not because of my own advancing age, but seeing their youthful faces embarking on a new journey in today’s technological age, leaves me with the question, “what do they look like technically?” As more and more of our courses rely on online components, you have to ask yourself, “are our students prepared to deal with the challenges of D2L, online quizzes, and video captured lectures?”

Every year, the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA conducts a nationwide study of incoming college freshmen. The study conducted by UCLA [1] includes survey responses from almost 166,000 freshmen representing 234 institutions. For the first time in 2013, the survey added two questions about the respondents’ use of Open Educational Resources (OER) such as Khan Academy, MIT’s OpenCourseware and other MOOC’s. These two questions were in addition to the recurring questions about using the Internet for research, social media use, video games. So, what does the incoming freshman class look like technically? How prepared are they to use the online tools? I found some of the results quite surprising.

First of all, what about using the Internet for research? Interestingly, the responses for ‘frequently’ was the only category reported. 81.8% of all students attending Baccalaureate institutions used the Internet for research or homework. The results were similar across all types of institutions with only Historically Black Colleges and Universities being slightly lower at 76.0%. So, one can, perhaps, conclude that these incoming students speak Google. Whether or not they can use the tools effectively or the research is valid is yet another story. I do know that some faculty instruct their students on the proper use of Internet search tools and how to determine if research is credible. Searching and researching strategies on the Internet may make a good introductory course for our Liberal Studies Program.

Online social networks like Facebook and Twitter have high participation rates with only 5.6% of the respondents saying that they never use these sites. On the other hand, 50% of the respondents spent between 1 to 5 hours per week on the sites and, of course, that means that roughly 43% spent more than 5 hours per week.

Anecdotally, the teen usage of Facebook has declined by 25% over the past three years. [2] Twitter and Instagram are becoming increasingly popular destinations for the younger generations. This is dramatically illustrated by this graphic from Piper Jaffray which portrays the decline in Facebook and the fairly dramatic increase in Instagram usage.

“Friends and the Internet dominate teen influences and combine in social media environments. Instagram and Twitter are the two most used social media sites, implying teens are increasingly visual and sound bite communicators.” [3]

Increasingly, faculty and various department and organizations are establishing a presence on these social media sites. For example, the College of Science and Health Advising Office is very active on Twitter @CSHAdvising with 397 followers, as is @DePaul Chemistry with 466 followers. Some faculty post a Twitter feed on their D2L homepage and regularly tweet course news and information. Of course, you are limited to 140 characters, but as indicated above, teens are sound bite communicators. This may lead me to establishing a Twitter or Instagram feed for my own Math 100 course, as I am finding that students don’t always seem to read or even get emails that I send to them.

One of the most interesting aspects of the UCLA study was the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) by incoming freshmen. Two new questions were added to the survey, asking how often students have “used an online instructional website (e.g., Khan Academy, Coursera): as assigned for a class, or to learn something on your own” in the past year.

“About four out of ten (41.8%) incoming students ‘frequently’ or ‘occasionally’ used an online instructional website as assigned for a class in the past year. Students were, however, much more likely to utilize these resources independently—almost seven out of ten (69.2%) incoming first-year students have used such sites ‘frequently’ or ‘occasionally’ to learn something on their own.” [4]

What was most surprising about the results was that freshmen bound for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) exceeded the averages significantly with 53.4% using these sites for assignments and a whopping 87.5% using the sites on their own. This speaks well to the abilities and interests of our incoming freshmen when it comes to preparedness to use online resources in coursework.

Finally, there was an additional piece of data regarding college choice. The students were asked about the reasons for making a college choice that were “Very important”. Of course, the academic reputation of the college was the top response. However, only 3.8% of the students would rate the ability to take an online course as “Very Important”. This does not say that students don’t want to take an online course, but it is not a factor in choosing a college. This, most likely, doesn’t bode well for those fully online institutions.

So then, our incoming freshmen are really digital natives. They not only look really young, but they are well versed in all things digital. Come to think of it, the World Wide Web went public on August 9, 1991! None of the incoming freshmen class were even born then. Perhaps, just perhaps, we need to meet them where they are.

[1] Eagan, K., Lozano, J. B., Hurtado, S., & Case, M. H. (2013). The American freshman: National norms fall 2013. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. http://www.heri.ucla.edu/monographs/TheAmericanFreshman2013.pdf

[2] http://istrategylabs.com/2014/01/3-million-teens-leave-facebook-in-3-years-the-2014-facebook-demographic-report/

[3] http://www.piperjaffray.com/2col.aspx?id=287&releaseid=1975435

[4] Eagan, K., Lozano, J. B., Hurtado, S., & Case, M. H. (2013). The American freshman: National norms fall 2013. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA. Pg 8

This post originally appeared on Iddblog, and was republished with permission.

Read all of our posts about EdTech and Innovation by clicking here.

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Jan Costenbader came to DePaul from California State University, Chico in November of 2010. There, he taught Mathematics and developed an online hybrid Mathematics course for General Education Mathematics. He also assisted faculty in course design as an instructional designer. Currently, he provides instructional design consultation to the College of Science and Health, the Quantitative Reasoning program and several departments within the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences. In addition, he teaches fully online developmental Mathematics and blended Quantitive Reasoning courses.

Matthew Lynch published in Policy & Reform December 29, 2015

Maryland to improve education of immigrant students

There are more than 65,000 English language learners who attend public schools in Maryland and one in every 10 students in elementary school is a a first-or second-generation immigrant, according to the Baltimore Sun.

To better assist those students, the state has commissioned a panel to try to amend the educational environment for immigrant kids.

According to paper, many teachers in the state’s public school system aren’t properly prepared to deal with these students. Because of that, many of those students end up dropping out of school completely.

Maryland public school officials are attempting to change the culture surrounding how immigrate students are taught. One of the ways the panel is exploring is by allowing students “to learn at their own pace.”

But the potential problem with that approach is that it may segregate immigrant students from the rest of the student body. In addition, two international schools have opened in Prince George’s County to better assist students who have immigrated from foreign lands.

Many of those students are from “war-torn lands, speaking dozens of languages.”

The state is at least attempting to make strides in making the transition easier for students who just happen to be immigrants. Some may be away from their families and struggling with transitioning to a new environment.

Hopefully this panel strikes the right tone and develops programs that will help new immigrant students long-term but doesn’t keep them completely separate from mainstream American students who could also benefit from learning alongside their immigrant peers.

Matthew Lynch published in Equity, Matthew Lynch, OpEducation, Policy & Reform, Teachers December 23, 2015

Diversity: Why Classrooms Need It

School climate and school culture directly impact student success. As a result, it is particularly important for the school culture (and the classroom culture) to reflect, acknowledge, and celebrate diversity. Taking these feel-good ideals and making them a reality can be tough for educators, especially with so many other initiatives on their ever-tighter schedules.

Even diversity itself is not exactly straightforward. Not only must schools recognize diversity evident among broad racial and ethnic groups (e.g., Asian or Hispanic), but the diversity within these groups must be recognized as well. For example Chinese and Japanese students may share common cultural characteristics as a result of being Asian, but will also have distinctly Chinese and Japanese cultural characteristics that differ from each other. The same is true of Caucasian students who come from vastly different family backgrounds, even from the same neighborhoods. In the interest of treating students equally, giving them equal chances for success, and equal access to the curriculum, teachers and administrators must recognize the uniqueness and individuality of their students.

Diversity in Practice

Teachers have a particular responsibility to recognize and structure their lessons to reflect student differences. This encourages students to recognize themselves and others as individuals. It also encourages the appreciation of a diverse school population, and brings a sense of connection between disparate cultural heritages within a single school’s culture. It is certainly in the best interest of students and teachers to focus on the richness of our diversity. Recognizing and acknowledging our differences is part of treating students fairly and equally.

One reason for seeking out and acknowledging cultural differences among students is the idea that learning involves transfer of information from prior knowledge and experiences. To facilitate this transfer process, it is important to acknowledge the students’ background, and to validate and incorporate their previous knowledge into the process of acquiring new information. All students begin school with a framework of skills and information based on their home cultures. This may include a rudimentary understanding of the alphabet, numbers, computer functions, some basic knowledge of a second language, or the ability to spell and write their names. It also includes a set of habits, etiquette and social expectations derived from the home.

If a student cannot relate new information to his own experiences, or connect the new material to a familiar concept, he may perceive the new information as frustrating, difficult or dismiss it completely, believing it to be in conflict with his already tenuous understanding of the world. Teachers have the responsibility to seek out cultural building blocks students already possess, in order to help build a framework for understanding. Some educational pedagogy refers to this process as “scaffolding.” Recognition of a student’s cultural differences provides a positive basis for effective learning, and a “safe” classroom environment. Every group of students will respond differently to curriculum and teachers must constantly adjust to be sure their methods are diverse, both in theory and in practice.

What are some easy ways you’ve found to promote diversity in your classroom?

photo credit: woodleywonderworks via photopin cc

Matthew Lynch published in Education Leadership, Matthew Lynch, Policy & Reform December 23, 2015

Academic Plateau: The Worse-Off Generation?

The great dream of all parents is that their children will grow up to have even better life circumstances than they do. Parents want their little ones to have more materially and academically – to, in essence, face more opportunities in their lives and continue to progress. In America, this desire has translated to a reality in general terms. Robert J. Gordon of the New York Times reports that a typical American was four times as “well off” in 2007 as in 1937, and eight times better off compared to 1902. He points out that these numbers of improvement have traditionally had a direct correlation with the level of education achieved. As the American public has become better educated, its quality of life has risen.

But just how far up can improvement numbers rise? At what point do Americans become so comfortable with their ways of life that they simply stop trying to achieve more?

If you look at the education system, beginning with the K-12 years and extending into the college years, it looks as if current generations of Americans may end up worse off than their parents, and potentially their grandparents too. In 1970, 80 percent of Americans graduated with an official high school diploma. That number was only at 74 percent in 2000. The numbers are climbing back up, with the Department of Education reporting that the dropout rate was only 7 percent in 2011 but the way those numbers are calculated needs consideration. Those who group G.E.D. earners in with other high school diploma recipients when it comes to graduation rates present a skewed view because long term, G.E.D. students earn around the same amount as high school dropouts.

Initiatives to democratize education, like No Child Left Behind, have actually hurt schools by placing too much emphasis on teacher performance and ignoring the learning needs of the students. Increasingly K-12 teachers have to prove themselves to onlookers and at the demise of the young people who are there to learn. Certainly factors outside the school environment can affect the likelihood that a student will earn a high school diploma. In 2011, 14 percent of Hispanic students dropped out of high school, compared to 7 percent of Black students and 5 percent of White students, proving that minority groups are still at a disadvantage when it comes to the American education system. Poverty, hunger, family dysfunction and just a general lack of educated role models play into the way these numbers add up.

But if the high school dropout rate is higher than it has been in past generations, one of the first places to look for answers is in the classroom. What can educators do to ensure the students sitting at their desks are equipped to outperform their ancestors academically and in their careers? Is there really any way to battle environmental factors and stringent teacher accountability metrics and come out on the winning side of educating America’s youth?

For the graduates of 2020 and beyond to live up to their parents dreams of a better life, a better foundation is needed in K-12 years. The flame of desire when it comes to academic achievement must be fanned in the foundational learning years. A future that is “better” than the present is one that not only has material gains, but academic ones too. At some point, having things will simply not be enough anymore. American students will need a renewed love of learning to come out ahead of past generations and that passion will need to be born in K-12 classrooms.

In what ways do you think this generation of students will be worse or better off from its parents’ generation?

Matthew Lynch published in EdTech & Innovation December 23, 2015

LMS software and the integration of technology in the classroom

**The Edvocate is pleased to publish guest posts as way to fuel important conversations surrounding P-20 education in America. The opinions contained within guest posts are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Edvocate or Dr. Matthew Lynch.**

A guest column by Anne Sampson

Gone are the days of strict division between school time and non-school time as well as the days when one used to quit preparing and growing after finishing college or leaving the high school classroom.

We live in a fast-paced world constantly shaped and reshaped by new discoveries and market forces. One has to be ready for the ever changing approaches, lifelong learning, along with permanent adjustments and technology updates. Technology is inextricably interwoven with our history, since the dawn of mankind – it is, actually, one of the core things that makes us humans.

Technological progress is an overarching and omnipresent process and classrooms are not and must not be exempt. Now, if we want to learn something new and enhance ourselves, we are not just restricted to conventional “black and mortar instruction” nor we’re confined to possibly mundane and for contemporary circumstances asynchronous and out-of-date manners of “one speaks while everybody else listens” method.

We should open our classrooms and work surroundings for tech devices that are beneficial up and train the teachers and educators how to create the best out of these. The use of these gadgets can revolutionize both pedagogy and work ethics, and in the long-term the very world we live in.

Generation of our grandparents was confined to the old methods of both teaching and learning and even for our parents it is sometimes hard to keep pace with new stuff coming up our way every day. But this tendency is not likely to turn. You see kids nowadays who are what is called “Digital Natives”. They are born and raised in a world were modern technology and new devices are vital parts of the environment and they find it easy to navigate through hi-techrealm. This is precisely why we have to think through, implement and integrate technology in contemporary classrooms. We have to learn how to connect students’ everyday life and educational system.

Learning Management Systems (LMS) are a great start, especially when you consider how much time an average student is spending daily in front of the screen of his or hers laptop, tablet or a mobile phone. But what are LMSs? As the name says, they are software application or web-based technology used to plan, implement and asses a specific learning process. They are made to help teachers and all kind of educators to create and deliver content, monitor student participation and assess student performance. They may have interactive features like discussion forums/threaded discussions or video conferencing. Many colleges, universities and schools from all around the world are using LMSs. Not only them, but many business companies use them for online training of their employees. Greatest asset for educational institution is that they can use LMS to offer courses to larger population of learners, besides enhancing and supporting old-school classroom teaching. Apart from delivering pure contest per se, LMSs also handle student registration, administration, analysis, they track and report.

Alright, so, LMSs are collaborative, (mostly) web based, user-oriented software products, but what difference do they make in practice, in and outside the classroom. They are definitely not (yet) complete substitution for traditional classroom setting but a supplement. They are great for universities in a world of ever-increasing demands, where facing declining or fixed budget and stuff is an everyday reality. Teachers benefit immensely from them, since they don’t have to pile documentation any more – there is no need for paper grade books, planners, attendance systems, student progress reports, different schedules (sports/arts/subject timetables/deadlines…) or print newsletters. By analyzing data generated from each connection to an LMS, teachers are able to bridge specific gaps in students learning. It also makes the process of evaluation more transparent.

Parents have instant access to their children’s grades and progress (most LMSs are fairly simple, with an interface that is easy to navigate and pleasant to look at, so they won’t be reluctant to approach it).

What is possibly most important is, what difference does it make to students? Today eLearning is a big industry that has revolutionized and changed the way we look at knowledge and skill acquisition. Learning is more flexible, more tailored and personalized and in the end – more fun. It’s not some compulsory activity that we are forced to do. We self-willingly look for step-by-step presentations, watch tutorial videos and listen to interesting lectures from universities half way around the globe.

In a 21st century you need to use technology to interest and educate a 21st century student. This means keeping students motivated and since digital world is their natural environment, good teacher should find a way to make LMS use a part of their daily routine. With LMSs there will be no more lost handouts, forgotten homework assignments, catching up after missing classes or lost classes due to a bad weather.

Today there are over 600 different LMSs and you are probably familiar with some of the most famous ones, namely Moodle, Edmodo or Blackboard, but there are others to be considered. Adobe released its Captivate Prime with unified playback experience. You have very affordable Learn Dash or Upside LMS, which is well suited for small enterprises. Canvas is cheap, easy to install and fits great for small and medium size organizations. It all depends on budget and size of the organization that uses LMS. No matter which one you opt for, you and your students will be learning more and will be more engaged in a learning process, especially due to the fact that they can track their own progress. There is something in the visualization of data that helps people sort things out and act upon the realization!

Read all of our posts about EdTech and Innovation by clicking here.

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Anne Sampson is a teaching associate, freelance business consultant, tech and e-learning enthusiast, driven by innovations and positive changes in e-learning industry. When not too busy with designing learning content, she enjoys hiking and taking photos.

Matthew Lynch published in list, Matthew Lynch, Policy & Reform December 23, 2015

5 Quick Facts You Should Know About Poverty and School Funding

The current U.S. economy continues to improve, but there is one area that is still feeling the squeeze from the recession years: K-12 public school funding. Recently, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that 34 states are contributing less funding on a per student basis than they did prior to the recession years. Since states are responsible for 44 percent of total education funding in the U.S., these dismal numbers mean a continued crack down on school budgets despite an improving economy. In extreme cases, like in Philadelphia and Chicago, individual districts have had to tap into other money and reserves to cover the basics of public education in their areas.

These budget cuts have hit low-income schools the hardest. Here are five facts you should know about how the decrease in funding has affected low-income schools.

1. Funding to low-income Title I schools has decreased since 2010. A number of states have cut pre-K educational per student funding in recent years and many have even had to reduce enrollment numbers.
Overall, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that districts collected just over 2 percent lower on property taxes ending in March than in the year before.

As we know, property taxes pay much of public education costs. While states have been cut throat in reducing spending, they have not been as vigilant in raising revenue sources through taxes and fees. This makes a dire problem even worse.

In 23 states, state and local governments together spend less per student in the poorest districts than those that are more affluent, according to 2012 federal data and reported in The Washington Post.

The differences in funding are severe in some states. Pennsylvania spends 33 percent less on the poorest school districts per-pupil than on the wealthiest. In Missouri, the differential is 17 percent.

Across the United States, states and localities spend 15 percent less on average per pupil in the poorest districts than in the most affluent, according to the Washington Post.

Poverty makes it more difficult for children to succeed in school. These students tend to have more needs than their middle-class and well-off peers.

Consider that children from poor families also are behind their counterparts on nearly every measure of academic achievement. Then look even deeper and note that children living in poverty often come to school without having had enough sleep, and without having had breakfast. They often experience family violence, abuse, secondhand smoke, neglect, poor clothing and shoes. Even though they have limited experiences in the world, they may not be able to pay for field trips and cannot pay for extracurricular activities of any kind, which could actually expand their experience base. This is the frightening reality for millions of children, and teachers are very likely to have impoverished students in their class.

Less state spending on education certainly affects the learning experience but it also impacts other areas of the economy. Unemployed teachers and administrators have less to pump back into the economy and the viscous cycle of K-12 underfunding is furthered. While unemployment is a factor in poverty for some, there are many who are employed and still live below the poverty line. A higher level of education is needed for high paying jobs that can support a family. It is difficult to support a family with a minimum wage job, even when working full-time. The conundrum is furthered when school funding is diminishing—removing one more source of hope for ending the cycle.

If we cannot fully fund our public schools how can we expect things like the achievement gap to close or high school graduation rates to rise? It was understandable that budgets had to be slashed when the bottom dropped out of the economy but now that we are in a more stable place, it is time to get back to funding what matters most: the education of our K-12 students.

How do you think we can address the intersecting issues of poverty and school funding in our public school system?

Click here to read all our posts concerning the Achievement Gap.

Matthew Lynch published in HBCU's, Higher Education December 23, 2015

HBCU Insights: Protecting Cheyney’s legacy

A column by Dr. Larry Walker

For nearly 180 years Cheyney University has been a beacon of hope for Black students from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds with untapped potential. Throughout their tenure students were molded by the caring hands of administrators, alumni, faculty, staff and students committed to changing the narrative regarding historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Far too often, the struggles of HBCUs including Cheyney are widely publicized without acknowledging years of triumphs. The university has a distinguished history that should not be ignored. Luminaries including noted scholar and educator Leslie Pinckney Hill, 60 minutes correspondent Ed Bradley, former Montgomery County Superintendent, Dr. Paul Vance and Civil Rights activist Bayard Rustin walked Cheyney’s hallowed halls. Despite the barriers Cheyney stands at the Pantheon of HBCUs. It was founded years before the Emancipation Proclamation, withstood the Nadir and attempts to ignore its mission.

Cheyney is the bedrock, which other HBCUs stand upon. Thus, the universities future is inextricably linked to all HBCUs. If Cheyney continues to falter what does that say about the future of our institutions? In spite of the battle with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the looming decision by the U.S. Department of Education, as a proud alumnus, I am not ready to write Cheyney’s epilogue. It is vital that the state works with advocacy groups including Heeding Cheyney’s Call to address years of systematic isolation. The institution is the oldest of the 14 state schools and plays a vital role educating Black students. Founded as a teacher’s college Cheyney can help the state and nation increase the number of Black teachers in underserved communities. In addition, the hotel, restaurant and tourism program can meet the growing need for professionals while the new science center can address the lack of Black physicians.

HBCUs throughout the United States are facing serious questions regarding their relevancy. Institutions including St Paul’s College and Morris Brown College closed or operate on a shoestring budget. Other HBCUs including South Carolina State University and Norfolk State University have faced questions from state legislators despite years of success. However, pundits do not focus on the millions of dollars in federal, state and foundation grants secured by HBCUs including Hampton, Howard and Morgan State University. Ensuring HBCUs including Cheyney continue to remain viable should include a multipronged approach, which includes feedback from members of the university family. Recently, Cheyney has taken steps to incorporate alumni and faculty concerns to develop a blueprint to solve a variety of problems. Alumni are critical to the Cheyney’s future success. As an alumnus I can speak to the passion and commitment from graduates who are prepared to fight for the institution.

Recently I had the opportunity to attend Homecoming. The annual event brings together alumni, family and friends to relive old memories, reignite rivalries and network. Students and graduates are united in their fight to protect Cheyney’s legacy. Cheyney is an important cog in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). Without Cheyney the system would be incomplete. Forcing Cheyney to merge or close would deny students from underserved communities the opportunity to complete their post-secondary education. Moreover, the university has the capacity to address workforce needs throughout the region including developing science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors. The university needs the state to invest, not disinvest to compete with institutions of comparable size.

Solving the problems facing Cheyney would not occur overnight but a collaborative effort between alumni, administrators, faculty, state and students could turn the tide. The issues facing Cheyney have reached a tipping point, however, the university cannot afford lose critical Title IV federal funding or capital expenditures from the state. For this reason, stakeholders should consider the following:

Resolve years of inadequate funding – the battle between the state and Heeding Cheyney’s Call is rooted in the state’s failure to abide by an agreement with the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights. Cheyney needs critical funding to renovate and rebuild its infrastructure. Over the last few decades the university has received minimal funding to maintain buildings on campus. Investing additional resources while holding the university accountable for expenditures would change the narrative. The institution is the key to increasing six-year college graduation rates for Black and Latino students in the region.
Link Cheyney’s success to workforce needs – Allocating resources to key programs that align with state workforce needs is important. The state has to view Cheyney as a partner that could increase the number of Black and Latino residents with critical skills. Establishing a business incubator that focuses on entrepreneurship would encourage students to start a company and reinvest by sponsoring an endowment, scholarships and funding for vital programs.
Hire a change agent – Cheyney has suffered through years of interim presidents and employee turnover. Small HBCUs including Claflin University located in Orangeburg, SC and Paul Quinn College located in Dallas, TX provide a template that should be duplicated by Cheyney. Leaders including Dr. Michael Sorrell and Dr. Henry Tisdale worked with alumni to increase fundraising and the institutions international profile. Identifying a president and staff equipped to work with the state, address alumni, student concerns and raise money for Cheyney is paramount.

Cheyney is at a crossroad. The university can no longer afford to continue along the same path. Years of inadequate leadership have left the university in a quandary. However, with the support of the alumni, state and students the university can overcome the current dilemma. Failure is not an option. Losing Cheyney could start a ripple effect that impacts every HBCU in the United States. The souls of deceased alumni would not rest if the crown jewel of HBCUs fails to survive.

Read all of our posts about HBCUs by clicking here.

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Dr. Larry J. Walker is an educational consultant focused on supporting historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). His research examines the impact environmental factors have on the academic performance and social emotional functioning of students from HBCUs.

Matthew Lynch published in Ask An Expert, Matthew Lynch, Teachers December 23, 2015

The Two Types of Interviews New Teachers Should Be Prepared For

It’s a good idea to prepare for interviews before you’re called for one. Being prepared for the interview creates a favorable impression on your potential employer and will considerably reduce your stress levels before the interview.

When applying for a teaching position, you may encounter two types of interviews:

1. Online Interviews
An online interview is typically a preliminary set of screening questions. The online interview usually must be completed before being called for an in-person interview.

When completing an online interview, it is important that you take your time, proofread, and double-check that you have filled everything out correctly. You don’t want a minor mistake you get in the way of moving forward toward your dream job!

2. In-Person Interviews
An in-person interview is a face-to-face interview with an interviewer or team of interviewers. In-person interviews may be conducted by one or more administrators, a team of teachers, a combination of teachers and parents, or any arrangement of these.

Irrespective of the type of interview panel, it’s imperative to make a good first impression. A good interview suit is an excellent place to start. Interviewers also look for self-confidence, enthusiasm, poise, the ability to think and act quickly, appropriate grammar and a well-developed vocabulary, as well as clear and confident speech and diction.

The impression you make is often created by your personality traits, manners, and appearance, some of which may not be under your direct control. However, you can be prepared to answer questions typically asked by interviewers. Thoroughly research the school, making a visit to the school and speaking to experienced teachers who have been working at the school for a number of years. Prepare a series of questions to ask these teachers to allow you to get a good idea of the school environment as a whole. Familiarize yourself with the school goals, missions, and activities by browsing their Web site and by searching in local newspapers or at the local library. Apply your research findings to the questions typically asked by interviewers.

Matthew Lynch published in Diversity, Equity, list, Matthew Lynch December 23, 2015

Bilingual Education: 5 Reasons Why Starting Early is Important

This generation of K-12 students is growing up in a society that is increasingly bilingual. Foreign language requirements have long been a core requirement for high school graduation and are also part of most arts-based college degree programs. Along with Spanish, languages like French and German are common options for students. But is high school early enough to learn another language? There are actually more benefits to learning a second language much earlier, even as early as kindergarten. Here are 5 reasons it is important to start bilingual education early:

Simply put—fluency is easier to come by when you learn earlier.

It generally takes 5–7 years to be proficient in a second language. Second-generation Hispanic children raised in the United States usually learn to speak English very well by adulthood, even though three-quarters of their parents speak mostly Spanish and are not English proficient. However only 23 percent of first-generation immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries—those that began learning later in life, say they speak English very well. Pew Hispanic Center statistics have shown that 88 percent of the members of the second generation—those children that were introduced to English at an early age, described themselves as strong English speakers. This phenomenon should apply to children who speak English as their first language as well. In other words, U.S. students should be introduced to a second language at a young age in order to be fluent by adulthood. In fact, I believe that all K-12 students should have Spanish and English fluency by graduation.

Bilingual children have an academic edge.

Studies in language development show that when young children have more exposure to all languages at an early age, it actually gives them a distinct academic advantage throughout life. There is often an argument that students should first master the English language before branching out to others – but why can’t both be taught simultaneously? Bilingual children are able to focus more intently on the topics at hand and avoid distractions from academic pursuits. They are also able to demonstrate higher levels of cognitive flexibility, or the ability to change responses based on environment and circumstances.

There are cultural benefits that come from learning other languages.

The children who come from English-speaking homes can lend their language expertise to friends from Spanish-speaking homes, and vice versa. Contemporary communication technology has eliminated many global barriers when it comes to socialization and even doing business. It makes sense that language boundaries should also come down and with help from our K-12 education system.

Dual language programs show students a broader world view, whatever the native language of the student.

A bilingual brain is a more powerful brain.

Children who learn their first second-language words at the age of 5 can benefit from dual language curriculum. Learning is learning. The more that children can take advantage of new concepts, the more in tune their brains will be to all learning throughout life. Some studies have also found that the aging of the brain is slower and the employment rate is higher in adults with bilingual capabilities. Why not set kids up for success and strengthen long-term brain health while we are at it?

It leads to greater opportunities with collaborative learning.

Dual language programs show students a broader world-view, whatever the native language of the student, and lead to greater opportunities for collaborative learning. We should not limit what children learn based on outdated principles masked in patriotism.

By implementing bilingual options even younger, K-12 students stand to benefit long-term – both academically and in life. There really should be no reason why these students are not introduced to a second language as early as Kindergarten.

What do you think about introducing dual-language to early elementary-school aged children?