Relative clauses are type of clauses that introduce information about the noun to which they refer. They are a crucial part of the English language and can be used in a variety of ways. Understanding how to use relative clauses can be beneficial for those who wish to speak or write more effectively.
To begin, it is important to understand the two different kinds of relative clauses. The first type is a defining clause, which is used to provide essential information about the noun. This type of clause cannot be omitted as it is necessary for the sentence to make sense. An example of a defining clause is “The book that I bought yesterday.” In this sentence, the defining clause “that I bought yesterday” provides essential information about the book.
The second type of relative clause is a non-defining clause, which is used to provide additional information about the noun. This type of clause is not essential for the sentence to make sense and can be omitted. An example of a non-defining clause is “The book, which I bought yesterday, was very expensive.” In this sentence, the non-defining clause “which I bought yesterday” provides additional information about the book.
When constructing relative clauses, it is important to remember that they always begin with a relative pronoun, such as “who,” “which,” “that,” or “whose.” The pronoun must agree with the noun it is referring to in both gender and number. For example, if the noun is singular and feminine, then the pronoun should be “who.” If the noun is plural and masculine, then the pronoun should be “whom.”
It is also important to remember that defining relative clauses use a different set of relative pronouns. The relative pronouns “that” and “which” are used for defining clauses, while “who,” “whom,” and “whose” are used for non-defining clauses. Additionally, defining clauses are not set off with commas, while non-defining clauses are.
Finally, it is important to remember that relative clauses can be used to refer to people or things. For example, “the man who lives next door” refers to a person, while “the book which I bought yesterday” refers to a thing.
By understanding the different types of relative clauses and the correct usage of relative pronouns, one can effectively use relative clauses in writing or speech. By doing so, they will be able to communicate more effectively with others.
