Functionalism is a key architectural ideology that emerged during the late 19th century and into the early 20th century. The movement aimed to design buildings and structures that were efficient and functional, rather than focusing solely on ornamental design. It emphasized the use of modern materials, such as concrete and steel, and a minimalist design approach that prioritized the building’s purpose.
As an educator, introducing the idea of functionalism to students can be an exciting endeavor. It provides a great opportunity to discuss the role of architecture in society, the intersection of design and engineering and explore the relationship between form, function, and aesthetics.
One approach to teaching functionalism in architecture is to start by discussing the historical context in which it emerged. In the late 19th century, cities across Europe were undergoing significant transformations, and traditional architectural styles were struggling to adapt to the new urban environment. The development of industrialization, mass transportation, and infrastructure posed significant challenges that required modern architectural solutions. This was where functionalism became a popular architectural trend.
The concept of “form follows function” is key to understanding the principles of functionalism architecture. Students need to grasp the idea that the design of a building should be determined by its purpose or function. A functionalist building must be efficient, logical, and practical. The focus is on functionality, and not just on aesthetics. Concepts such as “honesty” of materials and “undecorated” architecture help students to appreciate the simplicity of this approach.
Teaching functionalism can often involve hands-on projects that allow students to experiment with practical design solutions. In such projects, students can use various materials to create functional structures that exhibit the principles of functionalism. To enhance the learning experience, students might visit some of the iconic functionalist buildings such as the Bauhaus school, designed by Walter Gropius, and the Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier.
In conclusion, teaching functionalism in architecture is an exciting and sustainable way to engage students in the creative process. The principles of functionalism provide valuable insights into the relationship between design, function, and aesthetics. By introducing students to this ideology, they develop a deeper appreciation for the role of architects in society and explore how their designs can improve the world around us.
