For many students, history class may seem like a chronological list of important dates, events, and people. However, it is important for educators to go beyond this surface level understanding and teach their students about the historiographical mythologies that frame the way they see the world. By understanding these mythologies, students can develop a more nuanced understanding of history and critically evaluate the narratives they encounter.
One of the most pervasive historiographical mythologies is that of the “Great Man” theory of history. This theory posits that history is shaped by powerful individuals who act as catalysts for change. While it is certainly true that some historical figures have had a greater impact than others, the Great Man theory obscures the larger structural forces that shape history. Educators can counteract this mythology by emphasizing the importance of social, economic, and ideological factors and showing their students how these elements influence historical events.
Another common historical mythology is that of the “Whiggish” view of history. This view holds that history is a steady progression towards greater enlightenment, democracy, and individualism. While it is true that society has progressed in many ways over the centuries, the Whiggish view ignores the ways in which certain groups have been marginalized and oppressed throughout history. Educators can challenge this mythology by exploring alternative narratives that center the experiences of marginalized groups and show that historical progress is not inexorable.
A related mythology is that of American exceptionalism. This view posits that the United States is inherently different and superior to other nations, and that American history is an uninterrupted march towards greatness. While there are certainly aspects of American history that are unique, this mythology obscures the ways in which the United States has engaged in imperialism, racism, and exploitation. Educators can address this mythology by exploring the ways in which American power has been wielded both domestically and abroad, and facilitating discussions about the complexity of American history.
Teaching students about historiographical mythologies is not just an exercise in historical analysis, but a crucial tool for developing critical thinking skills and empathy. By encouraging their students to question dominant narratives and uncover hidden biases, educators can help them develop a richer understanding of history and its impact on the world we live in today.
