Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) is a valuable figure to study in any American history or literature course. As a prominent theologian, philosopher, and pastor, his influential works shaped the religious landscape and intellectual thought of 18th-century America. Introducing your students to Jonathan Edwards provides them with a better understanding of early American society, as well as the philosophical and theological ideas that continue to exert an influence today.
I. Understanding the Background of Jonathan Edwards
Begin by providing your students with a brief overview of Jonathan Edwards’ background:
1. Early life and education: Discuss how Edwards was born into a religious and academic family (his father was a minister, and his mother was the daughter of one), allowing him to receive an exceptional education from a young age.
2. Career milestones: Explain how he became a tutor at Yale College, later becoming a pastor in Northampton, Massachusetts; his involvement in the First Great Awakening; and his presidency at Princeton University.
3. Influences: Discuss how Edwards was influenced by Reformed Theology, John Locke’s philosophy, and European Pietist movements. Emphasize that these ideas helped shape his unique theological perspective.
II. Examining the Key Works of Jonathan Edwards
To help your students understand Edwards’ writings, focus on his significant works:
1. “A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God” (1736): Analyze how this account documents the revivals that occurred in Northampton under Edwards’ ministry.
2. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (1741): In this famous sermon, explore how he crafted powerful imagery to compel listeners to repentance.
3. “The Freedom of the Will” (1754): Investigate Edwards’ defense of Reformed Theology through this treatise discussing human free will and divine sovereignty.
4. “Religious Affections” (1746): Delve into how Edwards sets criteria to judge genuine religious experiences amidst the emotional revivals of his time.
III. Themes to Discuss with Students
Ensure your students grasp the following key themes in Edwards’ works:
1. God’s sovereignty and grace: Emphasize Edwards’ belief in divine authority over human affairs and his emphasis on God’s saving grace.
2. The nature of true holiness: Discuss how Edwards believed that true holiness should be manifested through love and obedience to God’s commandments.
3. Personal religious experiences: Explore how Edwards promoted personal religious experiences, emphasizing an emotional connection with God alongside traditional practices.
IV. Applying Lessons to Modern-Day Contexts
Encourage students to think critically about Edwards’ ideas and their relevance today:
1. Compare and contrast the themes present in Edwards’ theology with current religious practices and beliefs.
2. Evaluate the role of emotions in contemporary religious experiences versus those during the Great Awakening.
3. Investigate how modern theologians and philosophers respond to or challenge Edwards’ ideas, addressing both criticisms and adaptations of his work.
Conclusion
Teaching students about Jonathan Edwards immerses them in a rich historical context while prompting critical thinking about theology, philosophy, and human nature. Engaging with his works will not only broaden students’ understanding of early American culture but also spark conversations on timeless themes relevant to present-day society.
