Incorporating Justinian’s Code into the history curriculum is an essential step for educators to help students develop a better understanding of the impact of this legal code on the development of modern society. The body of civil law, commonly known as Justinian’s Code, was compiled under the sponsorship of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century. It served as a cornerstone for legal systems in much of Europe and went on to influence international law and politics.
Building the Foundation
Teaching students about Justinian’s Code begins with laying a strong foundation in ancient history and Roman law. Educators should revisit the historical background of the Byzantine Empire, focusing on its establishment as a continuation of the Roman Empire after its fall. Teachers can also guide students through an exploration of earlier Roman legal codes like the Law of Twelve Tables and delve into the ways they evolved to create a complex system of legal principles that would form the basis for Justinian’s Code.
Introducing Justinian I and His Ambitions
Emperor Justinian I deserves particular attention in history lessons, as his determination to return Rome to its former glory was pivotal in consolidating its laws. Educators should highlight his aim to conquer surrounding territories and standardize legal principles across the empire. By providing an overview of his ambitions, students can understand how these motivations led him to commission a team of scholars and jurists to compile these laws, resulting in one coherent body known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.
A Deep Dive into Corpus Juris Civilis
Once students have become acquainted with the background story, teachers can take them through an in-depth analysis of Corpus Juris Civilis. This comprehensive code consists of four primary components: The Institutes, The Digest or Pandects, The Codex Constitutionum, and The Novellae Constitutions.
1. The Institutes: Basic Textbook of Roman Law
The Institutes serves as an introductory textbook to Roman law, provided to help students grasp its concepts more easily. It contains general principles aimed at Latin schoolchildren to help them understand the fundamentals of Roman law.
2. The Digest: Compilation of Legal Texts
The Digest or Pandects is the largest part of Corpus Juris Civilis, a collection of jurisprudence that spans centuries. This compilation contains essential writings and opinions from legal scholars and practitioners throughout Roman history.
3. The Codex Constitutionum: Official Laws and Regulations
The Codex Constitutionum encompasses the laws and regulations issued by former emperors. It offers an organized insight into the legislative history of Rome from the early days through Justinian I’s reign.
4. The Novellae Constitutions: Updated Collection
The Novellae Constitutions comprises a collection of new laws and updates issued during Justinian I’s rule, reflecting his progressive ideals. This component enabled new legal statutes to align with changing circumstances and requirements in society.
