Miriam A. Ferguson, also known as Ma Ferguson, was a pioneering figure in American politics, serving as the first female Governor of Texas and the second female governor in United States history. Educators must seize this opportunity to teach students about Ma Ferguson to preserve her legacy and inspire future generations of young women to take up leadership positions.
A Brief Biography
Born on June 13, 1875, in Bell County, Texas, Miriam Amanda Wallace pursued a career in teaching before marrying James E. Ferguson Jr. in 1899. Following her husband’s gubernatorial campaign successes, Miriam joined him on his political journey. She took charge when James was impeached – launching her own political career under the banner “Two Governors for the Price of One.” Ma Ferguson ultimately served two non-consecutive terms as governor from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935.
Challenges and Accomplishments
Ma Ferguson faced several challenges as she navigated the male-dominated world of politics in the early 20th century. She was ridiculed by political opponents who denounced her as an extension of her husband’s administration or labeled her a puppet for officials behind the scenes. Nevertheless, she rose above criticism and achieved several notable accomplishments during her tenure:
1. A Staunch Supporter of Education: As a former teacher herself, Ma Ferguson strove to improve education throughout Texas by increasing funding for public schools and advocating for better conditions and pay for educators.
2. The Anti-Klan Candidate: Standing against the rising tide of hate from the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), she actively worked to prohibit the use of facial coverings in public gatherings – which eventually curtailed KKK activities.
3. Fiscal Responsibility: During her second term, she focused on reducing taxes and paying off Texas’ state debt that had accumulated during the Great Depression.
4. Pardons: Known for her controversial pardons, Ma Ferguson believed in second chances and granted over 4,000 pardons during her tenure, arguing that the parole system was ineffective.
Teaching Strategies
Educators can explore the life and career of Ma Ferguson with their students in several ways:
1. Project-Based Learning: Have students research Ma Ferguson’s life and political achievements and present their findings through multimedia presentations or creative projects like a skit or comic strip.
2. Debate: Organize a debate among students, addressing specific controversies like the issue of pardons or the extent of her husband’s influence over her policies.
3. Guest Speakers: Invite female politicians, historians, or activists to discuss Ma Ferguson’s legacy and her impact on female representation in politics today.
4. Community Involvement: Encourage students to get involved in local politics by attending town hall meetings, volunteering for campaigns, or inviting local female political leaders for classroom discussions.
