Understanding and appreciating different cultures has become an essential part of educational curriculums worldwide. Teaching students about Malians plays a significant role in educating them about the rich cultural history and traditions of this West African nation. The Malian culture, known for its diverse ethnic groups and unique arts, offers a treasure trove of knowledge.
This article aims to provide educators with an outline of how to effectively teach students about the Malians, their history, customs, and contributions to global culture.
A Brief History of Mali
Before delving into Malian culture, it is crucial to provide students with a brief history of the country. Mali can trace its roots back to the ancient Mali Empire (also called Manden Kurufaba), which was established in 1235 CE by Sundiata Keita. The empire was one of the largest and most prosperous African empires, known for its wealth, trade routes, and centers of learning.
The Malian Empire flourished for centuries before internal strife and external invasions led to its fall in 1670. Later, France colonized Mali in the late 19th century, adding it to French West Africa. However, Mali gained independence from France in 1960.
Key concepts that educators should emphasize while teaching the history of Mali include:
1. Geographic location in West Africa
2. Ancient civilization (Mali Empire)
3. French colonization
4. Independence
Malian Culture
Next, educators should introduce their students to various aspects of Malian culture which will foster understanding and appreciation.
1. Ethnic diversity – Educate students on how Malians consist of several ethnic groups like Bambara, Fulani, Tuareg, Dogon, Songhai, Malinké that contribute distinctive customs.
2. Languages – While French is the official language of Mali, several other native languages exist, such as Bambara and other ethnic languages. Researchers have identified about 80 distinct languages spoken by the Malians.
3. Religion – The majority of Malians practice Islam; however, indigenous beliefs still play a role in their lives. Christianity also exists among some communities.
4. Traditional music and dance – Expose students to traditional Malian music (e.g., Griot Music), instruments (kora, ngoni, balafon), and dances which are deeply rooted in their culture.
5. Visual arts – Share examples of the unique art forms in Mali like the textiles (Mud cloth or Bogolanfini), pottery, jewelry making, and wood carving. The Great Mosque of Djenne is also an iconic example of Malian architecture.
6. Social structure – Teach students about Malian social structure and how it varies across ethnic groups e.g., the importance of elders and age-groups, the existence of a caste system among some communities, etc.
Teaching Methods and Activities
1. Videos – Showing documentaries and films featuring the history and cultural components of Mali.
2. Literature – Assigning readings from novels or children’s books based on stories set in Mali or discussing Malian culture.
3. Music & Dance workshops – Inviting local musicians or instructors specialized in Malian music to host lessons or workshops for students that expose them to traditional songs and dances.
4. Art & Crafts workshops – Arranging hands-on experiences for students to create their own traditional textile designs (mud cloth) or pottery inspired by Malian artistry.
5. Display exhibits – Create small exhibitions within the classroom featuring artifacts representative of Malian culture, like musical instruments or renowned art pieces.
