Pharaohs, the rulers of ancient Egypt, are fascinating historical figures that intrigue young learners. Incorporating the study of pharaohs into a history curriculum can bring this ancient civilization to life and promote engaging discussions about Egyptian society, political systems, and religion. This article presents a guide for educators in teaching students about pharaohs, including suggested activities and resources.
Understanding the Importance of Pharaohs
As an educator, it’s crucial to convey to students the significance of pharaohs in ancient Egyptian society. Pharaohs were not just rulers; they were considered gods on earth. They played an essential role in maintaining harmony and order by upholding Ma’at – the ancient Egyptian concept of balance and justice. In addition to managing political affairs, pharaohs acted as intermediaries between the gods and their people, ensuring prosperity through trade and successful harvests.
Suggested Lesson Plan:
Begin with an overview of ancient Egyptian history.
– Explain the origins of the pharaoh system in Egypt’s pre-dynastic period.
– Introduce the concept of dynasties and how society followed a divine order.
Introduce famous pharaohs.
– Discuss prominent pharaohs such as Ramses II, Tutankhamun, Cleopatra, and Hatshepsut.
– Highlight their achievements and impacts on Egyptian society.
Explore daily life in ancient Egypt under the rule of pharaohs.
– Examine social class structures and divisions among people.
– Discuss various occupations like scribes, farmers, merchants, etc.
Delve into the mythology surrounding pharaohs.
– Teach about deities such as Ra, Osiris, Anubis, Hathor.
– Explore how religion influenced art, architecture, and burial rituals like mummification.
Incorporate hands-on activities.
– Have students participate in projects such as creating their own cartouche, hieroglyphic writing, or designing a pharaoh’s death mask.
– Use interactive technology like virtual tours or multimedia presentations to enhance the learning experience.
Recommended Resources:
Books
– “The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt” by Ian Shaw
– “Tales From Ancient Egypt” by Joyce Tyldesley
Online Resources
– The British Museum’s website offers resources on ancient Egyptian life and culture.
– Khan Academy provides detailed lessons on ancient Egyptian art, architecture, gods, and pharaohs.
Movies and Documentaries
– “Egypt: Secrets of the Dead” from PBS
– “The Mummy” (1999) and “The Mummy Returns” (2001) for a fun, fictional adaptation.
