Introduction
James A. Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, often gets overlooked in history classes despite his remarkable accomplishments and unique position in American history. This article aims to provide educators with valuable insights and resources for teaching about President Garfield and why his contributions are worth remembering.
The Early Life of James A. Garfield
When discussing Garfield’s humble beginnings, it is essential to mention that he was born into poverty in a log cabin in Ohio in 1831. As the last president to be born in a log cabin, this fact helps students understand the significance of his rise to prominence.
Education played a crucial role in young Garfield’s life, leading him to study at the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (now Hiram College) and Williams College. Educators should emphasize his dedication to learning as a key attribute that enabled this self-made man’s ascent in society and politics.
Pre-Presidential Career
Before assuming the presidency, Garfield had a distinguished career as a teacher, military leader during the Civil War, congressman, and senator-elect from Ohio. Exploring these various roles with students can help them grasp the breadth of his political experience before occupying the highest office in the nation.
The Presidency
President Garfield’s tenure was unfortunately cut short due to an assassination attempt by Charles Guiteau, resulting in his eventual death after only 200 days in office. While his time was limited, he managed to champion civil rights and take strides towards civil service reform.
During classroom discussions or lessons, encourage students to consider how Garfield might have contributed further had he served a full term.
Legacy and Impact
Despite his short time in office, President Garfield made a lasting impact on American history. Among other things:
1. He is remembered as a strong proponent of equal rights for African Americans and fought against the Ku Klux Klan.
2. His support for civil service reform helped pave the way for the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, passed in 1883.
3. Garfield was an advocate for educational reform and believed in providing opportunities for all social classes.
Some Useful Teaching Resources
To provide students with a well-rounded understanding of President Garfield, you may consider using:
1. Primary sources like speeches, letters, and journals.
2. Biographies – such as “Destiny of the Republic” by Candice Millard or “Garfield” by Allan Peskin.
3. Websites like The James A. Garfield National Historic Site or The Miller Center’s Presidential Biography.
Conclusion
Teaching students about President Garfield encourages them to dig deeper into American history and see beyond the well-known figures who frequently dominate textbooks. By offering a comprehensive view of this lesser-known president, you can inspire students to appreciate diverse perspectives and understand that every historical figure has an interesting story to tell.
