Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Tarzan of the Apes is considered one of the foundational works of modern popular culture. A cultural icon since its publication in 1912, Tarzan has graced the screen in countless movies and television adaptations. And while the character of Tarzan may be well known, few people recognize the author who brought him to life.
Teaching students about Edgar Rice Burroughs and his creation is an excellent opportunity to acquaint them with the life and work of a fascinating artist. The author’s life had many into it that draws interest, such as his extensive travels to the Amazon rainforest, experiences as a soldier during World War I, and prolific output of over seventy novels, including the successful “Barsoom” and “Pellucidar” series.
Tarzan is Burroughs’ most famous creation, a character born and raised in the deepest jungle of Africa. His novels revolutionized American popular literature by bringing in a new style of adventure and heroism. Burroughs’ works have inspired generations of filmmakers, authors, and game designers; his influence on popular culture is almost incalculable.
Here are some classroom activities and teaching ideas for introducing and teaching students about the life of Edgar Rice Burroughs and his works, particularly Tarzan that can capture and interest their curiosity.
1. Historical research and analysis
Students can start by reading primary sources like John Taliaferro’s biography, Tarzan Forever: The Life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Creator of Tarzan, and explore Burroughs’ early life and experiences cowriting pulp fiction. They can then research and report on the author’s inspiration, mythology, thematic threads, familial issues, and controversies. Of interest are his connections to contemporary scientific theories like Darwinism, the influence of writer H. G. Wells, and the cultures and politics of World War I. Students can also benefit from examining the historical context that led to this book first being published.
2. Film adaptations
Thanks to Tarzan’s popularity, modern students needn’t look further than YouTube (or their DVD collections) to watch several feature films take on the character. Classroom screening sessions can be coupled with analysis of the adaptations, including adaptations to contemporary times and differences in character and themes. Students can even choose and present their favorite movie and discuss why the film appraised Tarzan in a particular way.
3. Creative writing
Students can explore the jungle landscapes, daring fights, and romance in Burroughs’ thrilling books by writing their version of the story. As a continuation of the book, the students can write an adventure that involves Tarzan and another relevant character or a story where Tarzan meets another established fictional character. They can also identify the characters’ motivation and the setting, articulate the central argument, and imagine plot twists and character development.
4. Artistic interpretations
Students can showcase their creativity by producing visual interpretations of Burroughs’ works, creating character sketches, drawing environments, storyboarding a scene, or turning the book jacket into a movie poster. They can also create Tarzan merchandise items, such as personalized stickers, T-shirts, and key chains.
5. Classroom debate
Teachers may organize debates on the moral judgments evident in Burroughs’ novels. Should Tarzan be celebrated as a hero or criticized for perpetuating racist ideas? Are the man-of-the-jungle clichés harmful to African Americans? Is the author’s portrayal of English colonials endorsing imperialism? These debates can encourage insightful dialogue and presentation skills and have students become questioning readers who discuss their interpretations of the book.
These are just a few ideas for lessons and activities that teachers can use to encourage students to learn about the rich history of Edgar Rice Burroughs and popular culture’s legendary character, Tarzan. By teaching our students about the author’s life and works, we offer them a chance to learn about the world beyond their classroom walls, instill critical thinking, and inspire creativity.
