Introduction
The Great Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, was a significant event in the history of the Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417. It was a period marked by rival popes, political intrigue, and deep division resulting in multiple claimants to the papacy. For educators, the Schism offers a unique opportunity to engage students in an exciting and complex period of history that affects their understanding of modern society. This article aims to guide teachers on how to teach the Great Western Schism effectively and create an engaging learning environment for their students.
Background on the Great Western Schism
The roots of the Great Western Schism can be traced back to temporal disputes involving the French monarchy and the Papacy, which ultimately resulted in Pope Clement V moving from Rome to Avignon in France in 1309. The Avignon Papacy lasted until 1376 when Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome. After his death in 1378, chaos ensued with multiple claimants to the papacy, resulting in what is now known as the Great Western Schism.
Creating Context for Students
To help students grasp the significance of the Great Western Schism, it is important first to establish its historical context:
1. Begin by discussing prior events leading up to the Schism such as the Avignon Papacy and its impact on church politics.
2. Provide a timeline that includes key events and figures involved in the Schism.
3. Discuss how social, political, and religious factors contributed to conflicts during this period.
Engaging Classroom Activities
1. Role Play: Divide students into groups representing different factions at play during the Schism. Assign roles such as cardinals, French or Italian princes, and various popes/antipopes. Have each group research their faction’s point of view and engage in a mock debate to defend their claim to the papacy.
2. Analyzing Primary Sources: Introduce students to original texts from figures involved in the Schism. Examples include letters, sermons, or other documents from the time period. Have students analyze these writings and discuss how they provide insight into the motives and attitudes of those involved in the Schism.
3. Art and Culture: Explore how the Great Western Schism influenced art and culture during this period. Examine notable works of art and literature produced during the Schism, such as paintings by Giotto or Petrarch’s poetry, discussing what they reveal about society’s sentiments at the time.
Conclusion
Teaching students about the Great Western Schism can provide them with a deeper understanding of religious history, political intrigue, and cultural shifts that continue to shape modern society. By using engaging activities, providing context, and examining primary sources, educators can create an exciting and enriching learning experience for their students.
