The Indian Head Penny, also known as the Indian Head Cent, is a fascinating piece of American history that offers valuable lessons for young learners. Teaching students about the Indian Head Penny not only imparts historical knowledge but also instills a sense of appreciation for numismatics (coin collecting) and the artistry behind coin designs. In this article, we will explore the history of the Indian Head Penny, its design and significance, and some engaging methods to teach students about this iconic coin.
A Brief History of the Indian Head Penny
The Indian Head Penny was first struck by the United States Mint in 1859 and continued to be produced until 1909. It was designed by James Barton Longacre, who served as the Chief Engraver of the Mint from 1844 to 1869. Throughout its 50-year production run, various modifications were implemented on its design and composition.
One key attribute that sets the Indian Head Penny apart from other American coinage is that it was minted predominantly with copper-nickel alloy instead of pure copper. This adjustment was made to improve hardness and reduce wear on the coins. In 1909, it was replaced by the Lincoln Cent, which remains in circulation today.
Understanding the Design
A key aspect of teaching students about the Indian Head Penny is familiarizing them with its design. The obverse (front) of the coin features a striking depiction of Lady Liberty wearing a Native American warbonnet. Contrary to popular belief, this image does not represent a Native American person but rather serves as a representation of America itself.
Around Lady Liberty are inscriptions that read “United States of America” at the top and “Liberty” at her headband’s base. The year of minting can be found beneath her profile. On the reverse side, an intricate laurel wreath encircles the words “One Cent.” It’s important to mention that a shield and arrows were added between the wreath and the denomination in 1860, symbolizing unity and strength.
Teaching Strategies for the Indian Head Penny
There are several interactive and engaging ways to teach students about the Indian Head Penny:
1. Numismatic Presentation: Guided discussions with visual aids, like actual coins or images of them, can pique students’ interest in numismatics. Analyzing the design, mint marks, and composition of the Indian Head Penny will help students understand the coin’s historical context and technical aspects.
2. Hands-On Exploration: Offer opportunities for students to handle real Indian Head Pennies when possible. This tactile experience allows them to appreciate and examine the coin more closely.
3. Historical Context: Teach students about important events that occurred during the production period of the Indian Head Penny to demonstrate its historical significance. Highlighting how societal changes influenced coin design would be thought-provoking.
4. Creative Writing Prompts: Encourage students to write stories or essays about people who might have used Indian Head Pennies in their daily lives, focusing on different historical periods.
5. Art Projects: Organize art activities inspired by the Indian Head Penny. Students can create their coin designs using various materials or draw detailed sketches of Lady Liberty.
By incorporating these strategies into your lesson plans, teaching students about the Indian Head Penny becomes an exciting journey through history that combines elements of art, sociology, economics, and patriotism. Understanding this unique coin’s significance will surely enhance your students’ appreciation for this often-overlooked aspect of American culture.
