Dahomey, a West African kingdom that existed from the early 17th century until it became part of present-day Benin in the late 19th century, has a rich and fascinating history. Introducing students to the people, culture, politics, and economy of this African empire can provide vivid examples of cultural diversity and historical connections. This article offers some guidance on how to approach teaching students about the kingdom of Dahomey, highlighting its unique contributions to world history.
The Origins and Growth of Dahomey
Begin by exploring the origins of the Dahomey kingdom, noting that it emerged around 1600 in what is now southern Benin. King Wegbaja founded the kingdom after uniting several smaller chiefdoms under his rule. The kingdom expanded rapidly in the 18th century thanks to its centralized political structure and formidable military prowess.
Teach students about Dahomey’s political organization by explaining that it was a hierarchical society governed by a king known as the “Dahomeyhone,” who ruled through a combination of military power and religious authority. The king was supported by a council of ministers, and the kingdom was divided into provinces overseen by local governors.
The Economy and Trade
Dahomey’s economy relied heavily on agriculture, especially the cultivation of yams, palm oil, cotton, and rice. Other major economic activities included artisanal production, such as pottery making and metalworking. Explain to students that urban centers like Abomey served as trade hubs where people exchanged goods with neighboring West African kingdoms.
One critical aspect of Dahomey’s trade relations was its involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. Beginning in the mid-17th century and continuing until slavery’s abolition in the 19th century, Dahomey sold tens of thousands of people into slavery. While it is essential to treat this topic sensitively, it provides an opportunity to discuss broader themes of historical exploitation, colonialism, and the impact of the slave trade on West African societies.
The Dahomey Amazons
A unique aspect of Dahomey’s history is the role of women in its military. The Dahomey Amazons were an elite unit of female warriors who served in the kingdom’s army from the 17th to the 19th century. These fierce fighters played a crucial role in protecting Dahomey from external threats and maintaining internal order.
Emphasize to students that the presence of these women warriors was unusual, even unique, among West African societies at the time. Use this as a springboard for conversations about gender roles and expectations throughout history and across cultures.
Art and Culture
Dahomey was also known for its vibrant arts and cultural expression, which can provide students with a deeper understanding of the kingdom’s social and religious life. Introduce them to examples of traditional Dahomean art forms, including intricate brass sculptures, carved wooden masks, and elaborate palace murals.
Dahomey’s religion was centered on ancestor-worship and belief in a pantheon of deities called “vodu” (better known today as voodoo). Help students explore the rich mythological tapestry that shaped everyday life in Dahomey, while noting connections between West African religious practices and those found in Caribbean societies today due to the legacy of slavery.
