Language Education

What is English Immersion?

This is an environment for learning where students are instructed basically or totally in English. English immersion approaches are based on the concept that if the teachers plunge learners into an exclusively English environment, they’ll master it much more quickly than conventional teaching methods. The idea is that if students read or hear the language enough, at a level they can understand, they’ll get better at using it. What makes English immersion different from other approaches is the greater number of opportunities to read, hear, and use the language. Immersion provides the students with constant exposure to English, thus offering limitless learning opportunities.

The success of English immersion programs varies by region and school. Not all learners can grasp English in the same period of time. Generally, both teachers and students are only allowed to communicate in English in the classroom. Assignments and tests evaluate every student’s success with the language. In the United States, most of these programs are taught in localities densely populated with native speakers of other languages. The desired result of English immersion programs is for learners to gain the confidence required to use English fluently in every aspect of life. Learners aren’t anticipated to forget their native languages. 

The objective of English immersion is to let students overcome the barriers in learning the language. An English immersion program may last months or years. Depending on resource availability, learners without any English background might be in a class with other learners in the same boat. On the contrary, a learner might be in a class where all the other learners already speak English.

As more students enroll in English immersion programs, parents need to find methods to engage their kids and get involved in the learning. Parents can use the following strategies to achieve this goal.

Reading to and with them: When parents regularly read to their kids, they model how to read with expression and fluency and instill a love of reading. Reading is usually one of the first skills kids develop when learning a new language. Therefore, it’s an excellent method to get them excited about demonstrating their progress.

Applauding effort: Parents should emphasize the importance of acquiring another language and recognize their kids’ accomplishments and progress. Regardless of the accomplishment, parents should praise their kids for their determination and effort toward their goals. Learners’ motivation continues to grow over time when they become excited about the progress they’re making.

Encouraging curiosity: Parents can ask their kids open-ended questions about what they’re learning in school. They should motivate the children to question the world around them.

Getting involved: Parents should get involved in their kids’ school experience by helping with activities, field trips, and materials or volunteering in the immersion classroom. If making it to the classroom isn’t possible, parents can set up a playdate with another student on the weekends to help them practice their language skills together. However they decide to get involved, comprehending a bit more about the kids’ classroom can benefit both.

How Will Learners Of the English Language React To Intervention?

Let’s take a look at the effectiveness of early intervention in learning English as a second language. It seems that students who read English early on see a much better outcome.

Next, we will look at this approach, even though there is not yet a lot of proof that this process is beneficial. 

Those With Reading Difficulties

When it comes to implementing the response to the intervention method, you should consider the level at which the learner finds themself. This means the level of their first language and their second language, which is English in this case.

If the student has low literacy in both their first and second languages, they need adequate instruction. They will be able to progress to a higher level after their instructors properly educate them.

Those with a high literacy level in their first language but a low literacy level in their second language will show better progress.

Skills Needed By the Educator For Effective Implementation

Educators of the ELL program must be prepared and provided with the right tools for effective instruction.

Teachers and other school personnel should be provided with on-going research material to keep developing learners. Personnel should also know as much as possible about early literacy in the student’s home language.

It is also better for students if they know more about the development of oral language. Instructors should also have the full credentials of bilingual education and must stay up to date with current methods.

For ELLs’ academic success, teachers should also participate in development sessions to further improve their knowledge. Everything that can improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the ELL program should be considered.

How Can Progress Monitoring Be Implemented?

For the program to be effective, continuous monitoring of the student’s progress should be a priority with the educator. At least three times a year, the student’s progress should be monitored.

Students at risk of reading problems should be monitored up to six times per year to keep track of their program. Researched-based instructions should be provided to ELLs who show a low reading ability.

Provide the student with proper interpretations for mispronounced words and do not penalize them for dialect features. More reading sessions might also improve overall progress with the learner.

Concluding Thoughts

As you can see, the educator needs to be appropriately informed and develop themselves for the program’s effective application. Also, the earlier the intervention, the more favorable the outcome might be for most students.

All Teachers Should Know These Things About Vocabulary Instruction

All words are not equal. For example, some words are generally more useful than others. Knowing the meaning of “shame” generally pays off far more often than knowing the meaning of “serendipity.” 

Some words are also easier to learn than others. Teachers must recognize and be patient with these asymmetries across their students’ experiences when teaching vocabulary. This article will discuss some of the essential facts that teachers should know when teaching vocabulary to their students. 

Rich Meanings Are Just As Important

Vocabulary instruction is often reduced to having learners copy down definitions from the dictionary. However, researchers have identified several approaches that outperform any learning that may take place from copying definitions. 

One fundamental principle is to have learners work with more complex or extensive definitions or explanations of word meanings. Therefore, you should encourage the encyclopedic explanation over the simple dictionary definition. 

Teachers can have their students engage in providing several different versions of the definition of a word, such as the dictionary definition, synonyms and antonyms, comparisons, classifications, and more. Once a student has come up with these different explanations of a word, they are more likely to remember it. 

Promote Word Usage

It is not enough for students to simply learn the meanings of words – they must learn to use their learned words in their writing, reading, speaking, and listening. As such, instruction should create opportunities for learners to use the words they learn in each of these contexts. 

For example, a vocabulary assignment can be completed by students in groups working together to identify multiple definitions. That kind of cooperation requires learners to talk to each other about the words, promoting word use and retention. 

The Importance Of Review

It can be challenging for students to retain their vocabulary if they are not getting enough opportunities to use it. Teachers might teach vocabulary because some words were featured in texts for that week, but then students may not see those words again for some time. 

There are several ways to promote vocabulary retention, like having one day each week where you only work with words taught in the past. Alternatively, an entire week could be dedicated to this several times throughout the year.

Another way to make sure that words are being retained is to see how many additional words students can create morphologically by adding suffixes or prefixes, by changing parts of speech, etc. 

Concluding Thoughts

Like reading, vocabulary is an essential skill that all students must learn, though it can be challenging to teach. Be sure to follow the above tips, and your students will be expanding their lexicon in no time.

3 Ways To Assist English Language Learners

Being a successful instructor to English Language Learners (ELLs) means you cater to every requirement and need of ELLs effectively. But fret not; this task isn’t as complex as it might sound. 

You need to have a few tips up your sleeve to ace this responsibility and guide English learners to improve their reading and pass tests with flying colors. Read this short guide to master these five easy hacks to interact with the ELLs in a better way. 

Assess Comprehension On Regular Basis 

While the ELLs may have caught a grasp on their vocabulary pronunciation, it’s possible that they might not understand the meanings of such words. This is what you, as an instructor, have to make sure to avoid. 

You can conduct various activities with your students, like assign sentences, and have them tell their interpretations or what the students understood from those sentences. 

You can also assign words to a group of students and have them form sentences using those words. This will help ensure your students understand each word’s meaning and how to use them for sentence formation. 

Make Reading An Everyday Task 

Reading is the best way to improve your language skills- be it comprehension, fluency, or pronunciation. As an ELL instructor, you should work to make your classes engaging and interesting to pique your students’ interests and motivate them to learn English. Having them read in each class is a fantastic way to begin. 

For that, you will need to collect some reading material with a manageable level of difficult vocabulary. Also, make sure the material includes useful phrases or words, pictures to explain the text, and easy sentence formation. 

Urge Your Students To Read Even After Class 

To make sure your students develop a habit of conversing or reading English material even after their class, you can implement some strategies. For instance, you can put informative and helpful English books in the libraries that students can read.

You can provide audiobooks or picture books that the students can read at home and conduct activities about them in class. You can even introduce online applications to your students. Their interesting activities and videos can help your students learn English in a fun manner, even during their leisure time. 

Concluding Thoughts

Instructors for ELLs aren’t just professional teachers but can include parents as well. Hence, the tips offered above apply to every instructor. Teaching ELLs doesn’t require specialization or experience; instead, all that is needed is that you know the correct actions and what things to focus on as you teach your students how to learn English.

Benefits Of Teaching Poetry To Young Students

Introducing children to poetry at a young age has many benefits. However, many teachers struggle to incorporate poetry into the curriculum as there is so much to cover already. A smart way to teach poetry is to consider it an integral part of the language, reading, and writing and not an add-on. 

Continue reading to see the numerous benefits of reading poetry, so you will be all the more inclined to read poems in class. 

Poems Could Be A Way Of Exploring Language 

Studying grammar and its rules is not fun for the students. The lack of interest demotivates teachers as well. One way to make learning grammar fun is to incorporate poems that discreetly teach parts of speech through rhyme and humor. 

Amy Ludwig VanDerwater shares beautiful poems online at The Poem Farm that teach kids parts and figures of speech.

Informational Poems Are A Hit With Students! 

Creating poetry is a beautiful way for students to share information they learned through class or independent study. Along with creating their informational poems, there are many such poems that they can learn from. 

Such poems incorporate mathematical operations and rules, science laws, arts, and history. Hey Diddle Diddle: A Food Chain Tale by Sylvan Dell is such a fun compilation. It features many poems that describe animals, how they create food webs, the circle of life, and ecosystems. Moreover, there is a fun picture related to each poem that adds to the fun. 

Inspires Writing

Many poets and authors recall how their interest was developed by an exceptional teacher at a very early age. You can be that special teacher for your students. Introduce your students to poetry, and they could learn how poetry can be an effective vehicle to communicate. 

Moreover, some students are very creative, and reading different kinds of poetry can pique their interest. They might be motivated to start penning poems. Even if they don’t write, they can know that poetry deepens comprehension, develops empathy, and produces a new hobby.

New Perspectives

One of poetry’s best qualities is that it can transform our point of view. When going around and about, we only think like humans. However, some very creative poems are written from the perspectives of other beings. 

For example, Dogs Rule and Cats Power! by Daniel Kirk showcase some of the funniest heroes of each species. Even if your students are not animal lovers, they are sure to enjoy these.

Concluding Thoughts

Young students are creative individuals who like to explore new things. Instead of treating poetry as an add-on to the curriculum, think of it as a part of it that would teach students many things other than just literature.

Phonological System: Everything You Need to Know

This is the design of distinct sounds in language which explains how the several sounds come together to form words, as well as the consequence of pitch, stress, and juncture on the particular language in question. In other words, it’s a system that works with how sounds function in a particular language. This means a phonological system determines which are the phonemes of a specific language. Thus, such a system can be called the group of phonemes of a specific language.

For students, phonological awareness is crucial for spelling and reading any alphabetic writing system. According to research, problems related to phoneme awareness and other phonological proficiencies indicate poor reading and spelling development.

An important element in a phonological system is the group of sound distinctions (or “phonemic” oppositions) that native speakers use to convey differences of meaning. Though several sound differences are adequately perceptible to non-natives, native speakers may often consider them irrelevant variations triggered by the speaker’s voice or reasons that may affect it (for instance, as merely “phonetic” differences) and don’t use them to differentiate between meanings. An example could be the difference between “q” and “ch,” which is phonemic in Chinese, but not in Spanish or English.

The phonotactic rules of a language play decisive roles with respect to the combinations of phonemes that yield possible syllables. For instance, in Chinese, /p’/, /p/, /k’/, /l/ /t’/, etc., can’t be the final syllable, whereas /n/, /ng/, /r/ can. However, /ng/ can’t initiate a syllable, though most consonants can. Again, syllable-initial groups, such as /str/, /tr/, etc., are possible in English, but not in Chinese.

Tone melodies (intonation) in a phonological system play a crucial role. In case an individual is a trained musician or phonetician, he can find out the musical intervals between syllables and even the amplitude of the oscillations. In tonal languages like Chinese, intrasyllabic tone oscillations, which are phonemic, determine the differences of meaning (say, shi4/shi2, etc).

Some languages also use stress and tone to express differences in meaning. For example, the same sentence can have different meanings depending on which word is stressed. A sentence to consider could be:

John didn’t say Jack stole the money.

When the second word (didn’t) is stressed, it emphasizes that though the listener thinks John blamed Jack as the person who stole the money, he actually didn’t say it.

Again, if the word stole is stressed, it could mean that perhaps Jack borrowed the money and didn’t steal it.

Sight Vocabulary: Everything You Need to Know

These are words students see in a material and can identify very easily. Sight vocabulary or sight words can be divided into two main categories – high-frequency words (like and, he, go, etc.) and non-phonetic words (such as once, the, talk, etc.). Students are able to identify sight vocabulary within a few seconds. Since these words typically reappear on almost any page of text, students are expected to recognize them easily and instantly without sounding them out. 

When students can identify sight words at a glance, they become confident readers with greater speed, comprehension, fluency, and expression. Sight vocabulary also helps students read books independently by following sight word instructions, thus letting them enjoy the process. Reading independently also boosts their feeling of accomplishment that contributes to improved self-esteem. Once they acquire a solid knowledge of sight words, students can focus on understanding the remaining 25% to 50% of words that aren’t covered by the lists of sight words. This helps improve their vocabulary and lays a strong foundation for further learning.

Though there are different sight vocabulary lists, the Dolch List is the most widely used. It contains almost 50% to 75% of all words used in children’s magazines, books, and newspapers. This list is divided into different segments, such as the pre-primer list (a, and, can, me, my, one, etc.), primer list (all, am, are, be, now, out, please, etc.), first-grade list (after, again, any, let, live, of, etc.), second-grade list (always, buy, call, first, tell, their, etc.), and third-grade list (about, bring, carry, cut, laugh, etc).

Sight vocabulary plays a crucial role in the phonics learning of kindergarten and first-grade students. When students can recall sight words at a glance, they can exercise control over the building blocks of language. However, not all sight words are easy to learn. This is especially true for tricky or non-phonetic words, such as walk, talk, once, come, etc., which don’t follow the usual phonetic spelling patterns. Since it’s difficult to sound out non-phonetic words, teachers should focus on repetition and use word games to help students identify them. 

It’s in kindergarten when students start learning sight words. The process continues through first grade. Since different students learn in varied ways and at different speeds, there’s no set target about how many sight words they should learn. Still, an aim to teach them 20 and 100 sight words by the end of kindergarten and first grade, respectively, would be a prudent one.

Listening Vocabulary: Everything You Need to Know

This is a ground of words that can be comprehended through verbal language. In other words, listening vocabulary consists of the words students need to know to understand what they hear. Learning new words is a continuous process. Usually, by the time people reach adulthood, roughly fifty thousand words are recognized and understood by them. Though deaf students aren’t exposed to a listening vocabulary, they can use signing models at school or home for exposure to a “visual” listening vocabulary. However, the amount of words modeled is significantly lesser than the incidental listening vocabulary of students who can hear.

Typically, students vent their frustration with vocabulary difficulties in various ways. While some may feel they fail to understand most of what they are listening to, others may tend to use the same words repeatedly when responding to what they hear. Problems with listening vocabulary will make their interest in the language dwindle, which could decrease the effort they would have otherwise put in to read, write, listen to, and learn new words.

In a classroom with difficulties in listening vocabulary, a teacher could notice how students question several words in a grade-appropriate text, fail to make connections between words in different sections of the text, or just can’t find suitable words to describe or respond to something.

Teachers can use different strategies to teach and enhance the listening vocabulary of their students. First, they can use word games and exercises that target different sets of words. Some could focus on basic or familiar vocabulary relating to everyday life, places, time, dates, work and leisure, and common activities. Others may involve a speech, monologue, and conversation between two or among a group of people. Each of these drills and games presents different vocabulary groups, starting from the frequently used and subject-specific ones to those not commonly used.

Second, they can help students accept a new word or expression and remember it the next time they hear it. Typically, students need something to tie such new words or expressions to remember them. Teachers can help them with it by providing them a context. For instance, they can encourage students to notice clues to the meaning in the context of listening to the “text.” Getting them to perform an action or showing them pictures to help them remember that specific action or image, and thus, the word or expression linked to it when they hear it again later is another great way to boost listening vocabulary.

Third, teachers can encourage students to look up unknown words (and even find their synonyms or antonyms) to help improve listening vocabulary and comprehension.

Author’s Chair: Everything You Need to Know

This chair is where students sit on – one after the other, while expressing their writings in words, in front of their peers. It is also referred to as the “chair of distinction.”

An Author’s Chair can solidify learning by letting students fully comprehend their original work. Any chair like a spare teacher’s chair, a student’s chair, or an oversized executive chair can be designated as the Author’s Chair. Each student takes a turn to sit on it, faces the audience that typically consists of their classmates, and reads their narrative aloud. Once the author finishes the narration, the peers in the audience will be asked to share their feedback, ideas for revision, or suggestions as part of their critiquing. 

The strategy of using an Author’s Chair has several advantages, which are as follows:

  •         It’s an effective formative assessment
  •         It enhances students’ comprehension of a text and apply what they have learned to their own writing
  •         It helps develop students’ perception of authorship
  •         It encourages peer editing and collaborative learning skills
  •         It emphasizes that students’ experiences and ideas are of value
  •         It inspires students to write more as they get a willing audience to listen to them and critique their creation
  •         It develops listening skills, along with critical thinking and reflection
  •         It enhances students’ overall writing and speaking skills

The first step to using an Author’s Chair is to select a special chair that stands out. In case there’s no spare teacher’s chair or big executive chair, a student’s chair can be labeled with a colorful sticker as the ‘Author’s Chair.’ The key is to make it inviting and exciting for students to look forward to sitting on it and sharing their writing with their peers.

The second step is where the teacher explains how they will use the Author’s chair to the students. This will be followed by a student who’s the first to sit on the chair and share his writing. Once the narration finishes, the teacher will invite listeners to raise their hands if they want to comment or suggest anything to the author of the text.

The teacher could let the author decide which classmates get to critique his writing. For instance, the author may get to call on three classmates, two of whom share positive feedback or comments, while another talks about something confusing or unlikeable in the text that has just been read.

Receptive Language: Everything You Need to Know

This refers to the skill of assimilating information that is being transmitted. This is one of the first abilities children receive, and it even comes before expressive language. The inability to do this can seriously affect a student’s education. It involves gaining meaning and information from routines, visual information within the environment, sounds and words, written information, and concepts like sizes, shapes, colors, etc.

Receptive language is crucial in order to communicate successfully. Kids who’ve receptive language difficulties might find it challenging to follow instructions within the educational setting or at home and might not respond properly to requests and questions. Within the educational setting, difficulties in understanding lead to listening and attention difficulties and/or behavioral issues. As most activities require a sufficient understanding of language, it can also make it difficult for kids to access the curriculum or engage in the academic tasks or activities needed for their year level of school.

The building blocks essential to develop receptive language include:

Pre-language skills: The ways in which people communicate without utilizing words and include things such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, joint attention, and imitation.

Attention and concentration: Sustained effort, carrying out activities without distraction, and being able to maintain the effort long enough to complete the task.

Play skills: Voluntary engagement in activities that are generally associated with enjoyment and pleasure where the activities might be, but aren’t necessarily, goal-oriented.

Social skills: Ascertained by a person’s ability to engage in reciprocal interaction with other people (either non-verbally or verbally) and follow and recognize social norms.

A kid who has problems with receptive language may exhibit the following symptoms:

·         Having difficulty listening and attending to language

·         Not following instructions that kids of the same age will be able to follow

·         Not paying attention within group times

·         Giving unusual answers to questions

·         Responding to questions by repeating what the other person says rather than giving an answer

If left untreated, difficulties with receptive language may lead kids to develop other difficulties. These may associate with the following:

·         Completing academic tasks, tests, and exams

·         Developing reading and writing skills

·         Giving and following directions to find new or unfamiliar places

If a kid has difficulties with receptive language, it’s recommended to consult a speech therapist. If there’re multiple areas of concern, both speech therapy and occupational therapy might well be recommended to address the areas of concern.