Teaching Strategies, Tactics, and Methods

What are some Christianity facts for kids?

1. There are around 2.3 billion followers of Christianity in the world – nearly a third of the world’s population!
2. Christians believe that God is all-powerful (omnipotent), all-knowing (omniscient), and all-loving (omnibenevolent) and that God is everywhere all the time (omnipresent).
3. Religious leaders of Christianity (like the priest or minister who leads the services in a Church) usually wear unique clothes called vestments. These can be very elaborate, like in a Catholic church, or simple, like in a Baptist church.
4. The story of the birth of Jesus is called ‘the Nativity’ and is celebrated by many Christians every year on Christmas Day, the 25th of December.
5. Jesus is also known as the Messiah, a Greek word taken from the Hebrew word Mashiach/Mashiyach, meaning “the anointed one” or “anointed with oil.” Keep reading for more fun Christianity facts for kids!
6. There are lots of important symbols in Christianity. The lotus flower, for example, can relate to fertility and Mary, the mother of Jesus. It can also be used to represent the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The fish symbol comes from the Greek word “fish” and is an acronym for “Jesus Christ, God’s Son, Saviour.” It was painted on buildings when following Christianity had to be kept a secret!
7. Before a meal, many Christians say a prayer to thank God for providing them with food.
8. Many Christians worship in buildings called churches. These services are led by a church leader, who is given titles such as Bishop or Reverend. Different branches of Christianity have unique customs for worship.
9. Easter is the name for the annual celebration of Jesus’ resurrection and is an extraordinary time of year for many Christians.
10. Another interesting fact about Christianity is that the Bible was the first to be printed! This first printed version was known as the Gutenberg Bible and was finished in 1455. Over 100 million Bibles are still published every year.

We hope you found these Christianity facts for kids attractive!

Forest Animals

What is a deciduous forest?

A forest, also known as the woodlands, is one of the seven important biomes found on our planet. The forest is classified as a large amount of land covered in trees, bushes, and grasses. The trees provide shelter and food for the many animals, insects, and flora (flowers and fungus).

What does deciduous mean?

The word deciduous means “to fall off.” Each Autumn, the leaves and flowers of the trees and flora within a deciduous forest fall to the ground and become part of the forest floor.

Trees use leaves to collect sunlight and turn it into energy (food) through photosynthesis. However, in autumn, deciduous trees shed their leaves as they are no longer needed, and the amount of sun has reduced.

What are the different types of forests?

There are three main types of forests throughout the world: tropical, temperate, and boreal – each with its kinds of animals, trees, and plants.

America has primarily temperate forests, which can be separated into four different types:

• Moist conifer and evergreen forests are known for mild and wet winters and dry summer seasons.
• Dry Conifer forests: Often found at higher elevations with little rainfall and colder temperatures.
• Mediterranean forests: Found around the coast, mostly filled with evergreen trees
• Temperate broad: Lots of rain throughout the whole year, mild winters

Identifying a deciduous forest

Temperate deciduous forests are most notable because they experience four seasons each year: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. They also drop their leaves in the autumn and winter to allow the trees and plants to survive the cold winters.

What are deciduous forest animals?

A significant of the animals on Earth live in various types of forests. Some of the most common are:

• Small Mammals: Rabbits, foxes, raccoons, squirrels, badgers, chipmunks, skunks
• Large Mammals: Bears, Deer, Moose, Bobcats
• Insects: Ladybugs, beetles, praying mantis, bees, spiders
• Reptiles and Amphibians: Frogs, turtles, salamanders, snakes
• Birds: Woodpeckers, hummingbirds, bluebirds, cardinals

Which animals live in deciduous forests?

Deciduous forest animals usually fall into small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. However, a few large mammals call deciduous forests their home.

• Large mammals: Predators such as wolves, bears, and mountain lions can sometimes be seen roaming in deciduous forests.
• Small mammals: Several herbivorous mammals, such as deer and moose, use the forest as it is full of shrubs and plants.
• Birds The tree trunks and seeds on the floor make a perfect home for many bird species, such as jays, woodpeckers, and robins.
• Reptiles: Grass snakes and box turtles like to use the forest floor to stay hidden and safe.
• Amphibians: Toads, frogs, and salamanders enjoy the warm, wet climate of the forest to thrive.
• Insects: The vast amount of leaves and water provide amble food for countless insect species, such as termites, bees, caterpillars, and butterflies.

How do deciduous forest animals thrive?

Deciduous forest animals use the seasons to help themselves thrive in the forest. For example, large animals such as bears will hunt for herbivorous animals through the spring and summer but make a nest and hibernate through the cold winter months when there is little activity in the forest.

Amphibians such as frogs and salamanders will use spring’s warm, wet weather to lay their eggs in small ponds and collections of water. These ponds make it easy for many plants to grow nearby, attracting insects and providing newborn frogs and salamanders with food.

What other types of biomes exist?

Forests make up a large part of the land area on earth, but they are certainly not the only biome we have. We can categorize different regions of the planet into six different biomes. Each has different weather, patterns and animal and plant species.

• Rainforest: Hot and wet all year round, they are home to half the world’s animals and plants!
• Desert: Hot and dry all year round. Small animals survive here and use the cooler evenings to find food.
• Savannah: Full of grasses and shrubs and home to various animals, from gazelles to nonessentials to lions.
• Woodland: Many animals survive in woodlands, mostly made of trees and moss.
• Grasslands: Temperate climate with lots of open space. Large mammals make their home here.
• Tundra: Freezing temperatures for most of the year. A few animals can manage to survive here.

Describe and define: What is an adverb for kids?

An adverb is a word that describes how an action is carried out. Adverbs can change or add detail to a verb, adjective, or whole clause. When discussing the adverb form there are several adverb forms. For example, adverb forms that add -ly, -ble, -bly, -ley, -sly. It is often hard to tell at first if the word is an adjective or an adverb. The general rule is to look at the other words which it occurs with. If it appears before a noun, it is probably an adjective.

How do you identify an adverb?

There are a few tips, tricks, and details that you can teach your students to recognize that will help them identify an adverb in their sentences. First, it is often recognized by the suffix -ly at the end of it. Adjectives usually describe an action in terms of how, when, where, and to what extent it occurred.

What are five examples of adverbs?

1. James clapped loudly.
2. The child ran happily towards their mother.
3. She quickly agreed to re-type the letter.
4. He asked me to leave the house quietly.
5. He plays the flute beautifully.

What is the adverb form with examples?

The adverb form is the addition of ‘-ly’ to an adjective ending. See some easy examples that you can share with your students below.

• quick (adjective) = quickly (adverb)
• careful (adjective) = carefully (adverb)
• beautiful (adjective) = beautifully (adverb)

However, there are more than one ways to form adverbs. So, what are the three forms of adverbs? First, as discussed, most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective.

The second adverb form uses a different format. Some examples of adverbs with the same form as adjectives and similar meanings include words such as ‘hard,’ ‘wrong,’ and ‘fast.’ In these examples, no additions are needed to create an adverb form.

There are also adverb forms that are not derived from an adjective or any other word. For example, ‘as,’ ‘even,’ ‘how,’ and ‘never.’

Below, we’ll look at some adverbs and their meanings, including a mix of regular and irregular adverbs:

Adverb	Example in a sentence
Beautifully	Tom painted his picture beautifully.
Quickly	Annie quickly brushed her hair.
Silently	Amjid read his books silently.
Bravely	Neena swam bravely without armbands.
Happily	Ben rode his bike to school happily.
Excitedly	Jess waved her arms around excitedly.
Truthfully	Lila explained what had happened very truthfully.
Firmly	The teacher told him off very firmly.

Look at the sentences. Look at the words ending in ‘-ly.’ These are all adverbs of manner. Many adverbs end in ‘-ly. The adverbs describe how the sentence’s action was performed in these sentences.

What does the Adverb form do?

So, what does an adverb do? The primary function of an adverb is to modify verbs or verb phrases. In other words, they add extra descriptive detail to the verb to help describe how that verb was carried out.

Adverbs are sometimes used to describe manner or time. In other words, they detail when, how, where, or why something is being done.

In English, adverbs are often found after the verb but can also precede the verb they are modifying.

Why are Adverbs and adverb forms essential?

Adverbs are essential because they are the part of the sentence that adds more detail and information. They give additional detail about how things happen, and they are arguably what makes a string of words unique and exciting in a sentence.

What are the different types of Adverbs forms?

There are lots of different types of adverbs. However, these are some of the most common adverbs and their meanings:

Temporal adverbs – These are adverbs that are related to time. For example, ‘already,’ ‘yesterday,’ and ‘weekly.’

Adverbs of degree – These adverbs measure the degree to which something happened. For example, ‘fully,’ ‘partially,’ and ‘almost.’

Spatial adverbs – These are adverbs that are related to the space and position of where something happens. For example, ‘below,’ ‘inside,’ and ‘over there.”

Adverbs of manner – Adverbs give information about how something happened. For example, ‘quickly,’ ‘slowly,’ or ‘excitedly.’

Adverbs of frequency – They refer to how frequently an action occurs. For example, ‘occasionally’ or ‘daily.’

Did you know? ‘Why’ is an adverb. So, for example, in questions like ‘why is she here?’ or ‘why did I do that?’, the ‘why’ in the sentence is modifying the verb that follows it, making it an adverb.

Adverb Form Position: Where do we place the adverb form?

Adverbs occupy different positions in a sentence: at the start, middle, or end. Read on to see examples of where we can place adverbs and various adverb forms in a sentence.

1) Starting:

• Fortunately, we caught the train before it left.
• Hopefully, it will not rain on our walk.
• Silently, she snuck into the kitchen for a midnight snack.

2) Middle:

• Sally accidentally knocked her mother’s fresh flowers over.
• Knowing he was late, he nervously waited for the bus.
• Their parents soften and attend cooking classes.

3) End:

• We had to run quickly.
• He walked up and down the stairs repeatedly.

What are irregular adverb forms?

Most adverbs are formed by adding ‘ly’ to the adjective (quick → quickly), but this isn’t the case for all of them. In addition, some irregular adverbs don’t fall into this pattern, which can be tricky for children learning about adverbs for the first time.

Here are some examples of irregular adverbs:

Adjective	Adverb
good	well
fast	fast
hard	hard
late	late
early	early

Correct:

• The presentation went well.
• She drove very fast.
• They worked hard to win the tournament.
• He arrived late.
• The plane landed early.

Incorrect:

• The presentation went goodly.
• She drove very fastly.
• They worked hardly to win the tournament.
• He arrived lately.
• The plane landed early.

Wrong vs. Wrongly

The adjective ‘wrong’ can become the adverb ‘wrongly,’ but we can also use ‘wrong’ as an irregular adverb. So they’re both correct, in different circumstances.

The only rule is that when ‘wrong’ is used as an adverb, it has to be placed after the verb that it modifies. For example:

• He guessed wrong.
• I answered the question wrong.

‘Wrongly,’ however, can be placed before or after the verb.

• They were wrongly accused.
• It was judged incorrectly.

Good vs. Well

The adjective ‘good’ and the adverb ‘well’ are often confused and misused when speaking.

Correct:

• I did well on the exam.
• She can draw very well.

Incorrect:

• I did good on the exam.
• She can draw very good.

Regular Adverb forms

Some adverbs don’t follow the pattern of simply adding ‘y’ to the adjective, but they still follow their pattern, which means they’re regular. For words ending in ‘y’, we place the ‘y’ with ‘ily’ rather than adding ‘ly’ to the end.

Adjective	Adverb
happy	happily
merry	merrily
angry	angrily
noisy	noisily
nosy	nosily
lazy	lazily
hasty	hastily
handy	handily
messy	messily
moody	moodily

For adjectives ending in ‘ic,’ we add ‘ally’ to the end rather than just ‘ly.’ The only exception to this rule is ‘public,’ which becomes ‘publicly.’

Adjective	Adverb
enthusiastic	enthusiastically
drastic	drastically
electric	electrically
athletic	athletically
clinic	clinically
classic	classically
exotic	exotically
basic	basically
aerobic	aerobically

When adjectives end in ‘le’ or ‘ue,’ we remove the ‘e’ and replace it with ‘ly.’ There are a few exceptions to this rule, such as ‘unique,’ which keeps the ‘e’ becoming ‘uniquely.’

Adjective	Adverb
terrible	terribly
horrible	horribly
responsible	responsibly
incredibly	incredibly
flexible	flexibly
true	truly
due	duly

What kind of Adverb form is ‘probably’?

‘Probably’ is an adverb of probability. Like other adverbs of likelihood, it tells us how likely the action described in the verb is to happen. Other adverbs of probability include ‘perhaps,’ ‘definitely,’ ‘obviously,’ ‘certainly,’ ‘truly,’ and ‘exactly.’ Here’s how they’d be used in a sentence:

• I’m probably going to be late tonight.
• She’s going to win tomorrow.
• He’ll come along.
• They’ll undoubtedly need luck on their side.
• I genuinely hope that we can go tomorrow.
• She can hold her breath for precisely two minutes.

‘Probably’ itself means that something is most likely to be true. These adverbs are generally used to describe an action that will happen in the future because they define how likely something will happen.

Some can be used in the present tense, though.

• I  believe you.
• I’m coming along.
• I certainly hope not.

Whether used in the present or future tense, an adverb of probability helps us define how certain it is that something will happen. They’re most often used in spoken English (or written dialogue, such as in a story) rather than written English.

Examples of adverb forms placed after an auxiliary verb:

• It’s usually cold during the winter.
• He is happily working on his project.
• She is silently doing her homework.

Examples of adverb forms placed before a verb:

• Grandma often comes to our house on Sundays.
• He sometimes plays tennis on the weekends.
• They rarely miss a deadline.

You can place some adverbs in writing at different points in the sentence, and it’ll still make sense, but this isn’t the case for all adverbs. Adverbs that end in ‘ly’ are generally the most flexible:

• Finally, the pupil understood where to place the adverb.
• The pupil understood where to place the adverb, finally.
• The pupil finally understood where to place the adverb.

Some adverbs must be placed within a sentence, not at the start or end. These are: always, never, ever, rarely, and seldom.

They should be placed in the middle of the sentence, either before or after the verb.

• Her mum always helps her with her homework.
• I have never traveled to New Zealand before.
• If I ever do that, it’ll be years from now.
• He rarely visits nowadays.
• In the morning, birds are seldom quiet.

The narrative voice is the voice (or voices) with which a story is told. The narrative voice comes from the perspective of the person (or people) telling the story.

The narrative voice is an essential tool and component in stories for an author. Offering different narrative voices and perspectives in a story will change how readers view and perceive the overall story.

Some authors present an unreliable narrator with an inconsistent narrative voice to add more depth to a story. Unfortunately, unreliable narrators in texts force readers to question whether they are telling the truth or fabricating parts of the stories that they’re recounting.

A story can be told from the first, second, or third-person perspective.

What are the Different Types of Narrative Voice?

Below are the different types of narrative voices you will come across, with examples.

First-person

The first-person perspective is created when someone within the story, such as the protagonist, tells the narrative.

The pronouns ‘I,’ ‘my,’ and ‘we’ are standard features of the first-person narrative voice.

‘I kicked the football with all my might, aiming at the goal. I felt anxious as I watched it arc toward the net. Then, I felt my heart stop as the goalie dived and missed! The crowd erupted in applause.’

Second-person

Stories written in the second-person perspective use the pronouns ‘you’ and ‘your.’ However, authors do not commonly use it in storytelling.

‘You kick the football with all your might, aiming at the goal. You feel anxious as you watch it arc toward the net. Then, you feel your heart stop as the goalie dives and misses! The crowd erupts in applause.’

Third-person

The third-person perspective relies on the narrative told by someone outside of the story being told.

They tell the story as an observer.

Pronouns include ‘he,’ ‘she,’ and ‘they.’

‘Max kicked the football with all his might, aiming at the goal. He felt anxious as he watched it arc toward the net. Then, Max felt his heart stop as the goalie dived and missed! The crowd erupted in applause.’

Third-person omniscient

An omniscient (all-seeing and all-knowing) narrator is aware of things that the characters in the story are not.

In these narratives, facts can be provided about other characters and events outside the story to help develop a broader picture.

‘Max kicked the football with all his might, aiming at the goal. He felt anxious as he watched it arc toward the net. Years later, the man who stood behind the goal would describe it to his grandchildren as one of the best kicks he had ever witnessed.’

Inverted Commas

Help your children understand inverted commas and how to use them properly in their sentences. Find out whether punctuation should go inside or outside of quotes. Please look through our resources which can help your lessons in the classroom or at home.

Inverted commas show where direct speech or a quotation starts and ends in a sentence.

There are single and double quotation marks printed as‘ ’ or “.”

Sometimes, inverted commas are reused to define the play, song, or book being spoken about.

Inverted commas are opened with a“(66) before the first word is spoken and are closed with a” (99).

Imagine that inverted commas are like a pair of hands; they hold only the words being spoken.

Speech should end with a comma, question mark, or exclamation mark inside the inverted commas.

When finishing the entire sentence, use a full stop after reporting the clause.

For example: “I love apples!” said John.

How do you use inverted commas in a sentence?

Marking the starting and end of direct dialogue:

“Look out! Don’t trip over.” Alice yelled.

“You forgot your packed lunch, Alex.” His mum exclaimed sleepily.

To quote a phrase or word by another person or place or to mark something essential within a sentence for emphasis:

When plants transform sunlight energy into chemical energy, this is called “photosynthesis.”

However, if this occurs between direct speech, typically, we use single inverted commas.

We also use inverted commas to quote within a quote:

The teacher explained, “Shakespeare once said, ‘Better three hours too soon than a minute later, Billy.”

Inverted commas must not be overused in writing and are only used when necessary.

Does punctuation go inside or outside quotation marks?

One of the most common questions about using inverted commas (or quote marks) is whether punctuation goes inside or outside the quotes. Of course, in almost all circumstances, punctuation should go inside quotation marks.

For example:

“I love popcorn!” Ella cried.

“What time is the film?” Mum asked.

“I don’t have any chocolate left,” Simon sulked.

“Don’t fill up on sweets,” his dad said, “We’ll be having our dinner straight after the film.”

There are only a few exceptions to this rule, usually when the punctuation doesn’t relate to the quote or speech itself.

For example:

Did you try the password “jack123”?

The same error was again: “unable to access the file.”

What is the difference between inverted commas and quotation marks?

Inverted commas and quotation marks are the same!

However, we split them into single and double inverted commas/quotation marks, e.g., ‘Do you know,’ the teacher said, ‘what “photosynthesis” is?’

Reporting Clauses

A reporting clause comes after the inverted commas in a sentence.

It gives information about who is speaking and how it was said.

Such as: “Are you upset?”Louis asks sincerely.

In this case, the reporting clause explains that Louis is speaking and using a sincere tone. Therefore, it deviates from the use of ‘said’ in a sentence.

There are many synonyms for reporting clauses; this will enrich writing and improve a child’s vocabulary knowledge.

Mood Definition In Literature

In literature, the mood is the emotional response a writer wants to give the reader in a creative, persuasive, or personal piece of writing. It’s all about feeling and is strangely hard to put into words for that reason. However, it creates an atmosphere and tells the reader how to feel about what they are reading.

It should not be confused with grammatical moods,  a technical writing feature in English rather than English literature.

What are examples of moods in literature?

The mood definition in literature can be pretty hard to grasp, as moods vary excellently between stories. You could even say that each text has an attitude that is unique to it. Here are some examples of moods that you might find while reading:

• Calm and tranquil
• Eerie and uncanny
• Light-hearted
• Tense and anxious
• Rebellious
• Farcical
• Optimistic
• Sentimental

As you can tell, the best way to describe moods is to be very specific with our language. When writing a book review, any note on the mood of a story should try to be as detailed as possible for the reasons given above.

What kinds of literature use mood?

Every text has a mood of some kind! Short stories and poetry will often have a consistent mood throughout, thanks to the short length. On the other hand, novels can include several moods because of their longer length.

Personal stories such as recounts can also have a specific mood dependent on the writer’s tone of voice. For example, if someone looks back on time as one of the most critical moments in their life, they would write with a mood reflecting this.

Persuasive writing can also use mood to evoke strong feelings in the listener or reader. For example, if a writer wants to convince you that animals should not be eaten, then a solemn mood would help get this across.

It’s worth noting that mood is different from the tone of voice. The tone of voice is how the author sounds in our head. Mood can be affected by the tone of voice, but it is more about the general feeling a text gives us when taking every element in.

How do you create a mood in literature?

The mood within the literature will depend on different variables. However, here are some to consider before diving into the topic:

• Genre. Horrors have very different moods to dramas, but each mess can establish a different mood. ‘Dracula’ doesn’t read like ‘Coraline,’ for example.
• Plot. The events in a story will impact how we react, but mood can make these moments read very differently. Roald Dahl is famous for undercutting dark material with humor.
• Point-of-view. The personal voice of a character will affect how we read a story.
• Sentence structure. Short, bare sentences can feel different from long, flowery ones.
• Length. A paragraph summary will feel different from an epic journey.
• Figurative Language. Techniques like metaphors, alliteration, and personification play a role here.
• Vocabulary. The specific words that we use affect how something reads. It is the difference between saying ‘beautiful,’ ‘lovely,’ and ‘alluring,’ for example.
• Setting. How a writer describes the setting will allow the reader to soak in the atmosphere, creating the most apparent use of mood in a story.

Christmas traditions, activities, and events can differ excellently between cultures in more ways than you might think. France is no exception to this – there are lots of traditions that are specific to the festive French season.

Here are ten facts about Christmas in France that you may not have known:

The traditional Christmas meal eaten on Christmas Eve can last up to 6 hours

Many French people would traditionally eat the feast known as ‘Le Réveillon’ after attending midnight mass at church. Even in less religious households, this meal is still enjoyed on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day.

There is a lot of food and talking, making the meal last as long as 6 hours!

Some French people enjoy 13 desserts after their main meal

One Christmas tradition specific to Provence’s region is ‘Les Treize.’ It involves eating 13 different desserts after having eaten the main meal.

These 13 desserts are meant to represent Jesus and his 12 disciples.

The Eve of St. Nicholas is celebrated on 5th December

St. Nicholas is celebrated as the protector of children and bringer of gifts by some French families. That’s why, before his arrival on the 6th, children leave out their shoes by the entrance to their home, along with treats for St. Nicholas’ nonessential.

The next day, they will find gifts and delicious treats in their shoes. Sometimes, this celebration can be the principal celebration of Christmas for some French families in the north.

Saint Nicholas has a helper who decides who’s been naughty and nice

Père Fouettard is the name of Saint Nicholas’ helper, who decides which children have been good and deserve gifts and which children have been wrong and get nothing.

His name translates as ‘Father Spanker’ because he traditionally would punish naughty children by spanking them.

Many families go to the circus around Christmas

A lot of French families go to festive circuses at Christmas. They are especially loved by children and are similar to Pantomime performances.

People exchange chocolates with messages inside

Wrapped chocolates or candied fruit are given to each other and are known as ‘Les Papillotes.’ Inside of them is a little note, a little bit like a fortune cookie.

These can be compared to the tradition of Christmas crackers, although these are not used in France.

Christmas markets are trendy

Christmas markets, otherwise known as ‘Les Marchés de Nöel,’ are top-rated festive attractions across France, although this was not originally a French tradition.

The most popular Christmas markets are near the German border, where the tradition arrived in France. Strasbourg and the Alsace region are top-rated locations for Christmas markets.

Many French households make their own Christmas models

‘La Crèche’ is a clay model scene that many French families like to make and then put on display. It consists of miniature figurines and clay buildings.

It depicts the birth of Jesus and is very similar to our model Nativity scenes.

Mistletoe is found hanging from many doorways

One classic French tradition is to hang mistletoe in doorways in the house. It is a tradition that we might recognize from other cultures too.

Unlike in our tradition, mistletoe is not for kissing underneath. Instead, it is meant to bring good fortune.

Christmas trees are decorated a little differently

Having a decorated Christmas tree in your home has long been a Christmas tradition in France. However, they tend to decorate their trees slightly differently from us.

Their trees were often decorated with ribbon, paper flowers, and apples. Although, in modern times, most people now opt for baubles over apples.

A reversible change is a chemical change where no new materials are created, and the original material can be recovered. Examples include freezing water to make ice or melting chocolate.

What’s the difference between a reversible change and an irreversible change?

The essential difference between a reversible change and an irreversible one lies in whether the chemical properties involved change – in a reversible one, they stay the same, whereas, in an irreversible one, they change.

Typically, if a material physically changes, it is reversible, whereas if it changes chemically, it is not.

It can be hard to tell the difference between a physical change and a chemical one sometimes – when boiling water to turn it into water vapor, it certainly looks like the water has become something else entirely. However, if you zoom in closer, you can see what’s happening.

Using the example of water, if you had the technology to zoom in on a block of ice small enough to see the particles, you’d be able to see that water particles are made up of two elements, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Tiny particles of Hydrogen and Oxygen called atoms are bonded together in water to form a particular type of particle called a molecule, which occurs when two or more elements become bonded together to form larger particles. It makes water a compound, like many other earth materials.

When we heat ice to melt it into the water, the bonds between the water particles are weakened and change, allowing the ice to go from a solid to a liquid. However, the bonds between the atoms inside the water molecules don’t break, so the particles don’t change. It means that whatever state the water is in, whether it’s ice, water, or water vapor, it’s still water, and the change can be reversed.

In an irreversible change, it works a bit differently. For example, suppose you mix vinegar and bicarbonate of soda to make a model volcanic eruption. When these two chemicals are combined, the particles they’re made up of break down and recombine to make completely different materials. After the change has occurred, you can’t turn the bubbles of gas and the liquid left behind back into vinegar and bicarbonate of soda because the mixture of particles left behind by the reaction has changed.

Why are reversible changes essential to learn about?

As with all chemical reactions, reversible changes help to explain some of the things we see happening in the world around us.

Every time children melt, freeze, or (in later life) boil something, they will be able to recognize to some degree what processes are allowing it to happen.

As well as developing their scientific knowledge, it is also fascinating to learn about.

What are some interesting facts about Hinduism?

If you’ve enjoyed reading about Hinduism, why not use this handy Hinduism fact file to learn some fun facts about Hinduism? Then, see how many Hindu facts you can memorize and impress your family and friends!

1. To kick off our Hinduism fun facts, did you know Hinduism is the world’s third-largest religion after Christianity and Islam?
2. Another exciting fact about Hinduism, 90% of Hindus live in India!
3. Two other religions have originated from Hinduism: Sikhism and Buddhism.
4. Worldwide, over 1.1 billion Hindus are around 16% of the global population!
5. Nature is essential to Hindus; many believe that some rivers are sacred and can help you wash away sins. For example, the River Ganges is a river in India that many Hindus believe is sacred.
6. Most Hindus are vegetarian because it minimizes the harm caused to other life forms. Some Hindus also believe a vegetarian diet purifies the body and mind.
7. While there are Hindu temples, many Hindu households have an area of their house that they also worship; this is known as a ‘shrine.’ Hindu places of worship are called mandir.
8. In 2013, 30 million Hindus celebrated Kumbh Mela,  a special pilgrimage that only happens every 12 years. It meant it was the largest gathering of humans ever witnessed!
9. Unlike Christianity and Islam, Hinduism doesn’t have a particularholy book but instead has many ancient texts and scriptures.
10. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world – some Hindu traditions started over 3000 years ago!
11. In Hinduism, the supreme God is called the ‘Brahman.’ All other gods worshipped by Hindus are believed to be a different part of Brahman.
12. A mooo-st know a fun fact about Hinduism – cows are considered sacred by Hindus.
13. Hindu temples around the world always have an orange flag outside, even if they look slightly different.
14. In Hinduism, worship is called Puja.
15. Ganesh is a good luck symbol for Hindus; he is a god with the body of a man and the head of an elephant; this is because so many Hindus will pray to Ganesh when they’re starting something new!
16. Because the Hindu religion is so old, people aren’t sure of its origins or who started it!
17. Many Hindus believe in something called karma; this is the belief that everything a person experiences in their current life is because of their actions in a past life.
18. an important symbol in Hinduism is the ‘Om’ or ‘Aum.’ It is also said by some Hindus three times before chanting prayers.
19. Only a few Hindusim facts are left! Hindus refer to their religion as Sanātana Dharma which means ‘the eternal law’ or ‘eternal teaching.’
20. During Diwali, Hindus draw beautiful patterns called ‘rangoli.’ Rangoli are made using powders made from colorful flowers, and Hindus place them at the entrance of their homes to welcome gods and bring good luck.

Are you looking for MORE facts about Hinduism?

Hinduism is a super exciting religion to learn about; there’s certainly no end to exciting facts about Hinduism! So if you’re hungry for even more Hindu facts, how about ten facts about Hindu gods for your Hinduism fact file?

10 Facts About Hinduism’s Gods and Goddesses

1. Brahma, the Creator. Brahma is the first of three gods known as the Hindu Trinity. He is also known as ‘the Creator’ because Hindus believe he creates everything in the universe.
2. The second member of the Hindu Trinity, Vishnu is the second member of the Hindu Trinity. Vishnu keeps harmony in the universe between Brahma and Shiva.
3. Shiva is the third member of the Hindu Trinity. He is also known as ‘the Destroyer,’ which sounds worrying but is part of the regeneration cycle that Hindus believe in. Shiva must destroy for things to renew or grow. So as Brahma creates, Shiva destroys, and vice versa, in a cycle that Vishnu keeps harmony over.
4. Another name Hindus have for gods and goddesses is deva, meaning “heavenly” or “divine.”  Deva is the masculine name; the feminine name is Devi.
5. What about some fun facts about Hindu goddesses? Saraswati is the wife of Brahma and the goddess of many beautiful things, such as knowledge, wisdom, music, and art. How does she have the time for all of these things? She has four arms to help her!
6. Another famous Hindu goddess is Lakshmi. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth, power, beauty, and general prosperity. She is married to Vishnu.
7. Lakshmi’s image has been found across many remains of ancient civilizations, on coins and statues, supporting the idea that Hinduism is an ancient religion, even if we don’t know how old!
8. A third Hindu goddess is Parvati, the goddess of harmony, devotion, and motherhood. She is married to Shiva and is the mother of Ganesh.
9. Along with Lakshmi and Sarawati, Parvati is part of another Hindu trinity called the ‘Tridevi,’ similar to the Hindu Trinity of their husbands, Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu.
10. It might take a long time to learn about all the Hindu gods and goddesses – there are approximately 33 million in total!

Plot

The plot is the main event(s) of a play, novel, film, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as a complementary sequence. Read through this wiki page to learn the different stages of a plot and how to make a plot graph for a story.

Definition of Plot and Structure

The plot is the sequence of events that make up a story. The structure, also known as the narrative structure, is the overall layout of a story.

While plot and story are often used interchangeably, there are several differences between the two. First, the action picks up on an intentional cause-and-effect relationship between a sequence of events in the narrative. A strong, engaging plot tends to focus on one crucial moment, a disruption of pattern, an emotional turning point, and an action. All these things raise a dramatic question that is answered throughout the story.

Keep reading to learn how to create a plot graph for a story.

What Is Plot Structure?

An essential feature of a plot is that it must follow a logical structure with a starting, middle, and end. It is the basics of a plot structure, but it is more complicated than that. Every plot must contain these five elements in this exact order:

1. Exposition or Introduction
2. Rising action
3. Climax or Turning point
4. Falling action
5. Resolution or Dénouement

Let’s dive deeper into what each of these five plot elements means.

• Exposition or Introduction

The first part of the plot is the introduction, also known as the exposition. This part of the plot is responsible for introducing and establishing the story’s main characters and setting. It is essential for the reader’s understanding of the story.

As part of the exposition, the reader is shown what ‘normal’ looks like for each main character to give context for their actions later in the story. The reader is also given a detailed description of where the story takes place. It helps create a vivid mental image of the story for the reader.

The exposition, or introduction, is also the part of the story where the primary conflict or tension is introduced. Introducing the conflict that the story will revolve around this early on helps to set up the course of events that will lead to that point. It also gives the reader plenty of time to get invested in this tension, making it more impactful when it happens later on in the story.

• Rising Action

If the primary conflict is not introduced in the exposition stage, it is presented in the rising action part of the plot. On the other hand, if the conflict has already been submitted, it is built upon in this rising action stage to create tension within the story and the reader.

The author must convey clearly what the stakes of this primary conflict are. It means that the reader will fully understand the consequences of the main characters’ success or failure in achieving their goal; this gives the reader more incentive to root for the main characters.

The rising action part of the plot is the section where the rest is put into motion. Everything from this point on builds up to the story’s climax.

• Climax or Turning point

The climax is the part of the plot that everything has been building towards. The plot’s climax or turning point is often the story’s most exciting and essential part. The choices and events in this part of the plot will affect how the rest of the story plays out.

It is also the part of the plot where the primary conflict in the story will be addressed. It is where the reader will find out what decisions the characters make and what will happen as a consequence. The point in the story where the tension is at its highest.

• Falling Action

The falling action is the part of the plot that follows the climax. At this point in the story, the tension decreases after the central conflict has been addressed. The reader knows the results and consequences of the climax, so many of the story’s big, looming questions have been answered.

The falling action is also the point in the story when the author ties up any loose ends surrounding the main plot and the various subplots.

• Resolution or Dénouement

The resolution or dénouement is the final stage in the plot; everything in the story is wrapped up, and a new sense of normalcy is established for the characters. At this point in the story, the primary conflict has been fully resolved, the loose ends have been tied up, and the reader is given closure about the narrative.

An instance where the author may not include this sense of finality in the resolution stage of the plot is if they intend to write a sequel. In this case, the author will want to conclude their story to encourage the reader to feel they have to know what happens next.

The resolution does not have to be a long section in the narrative. It can just be a short paragraph or even an epilogue. An epilogue tends to take place after some time has passed since the story’s main plot.

What Is a Plot Graph for a Story?

A plot graph for a story is a helpful way for authors to visualize their story’s plot definition and structure. A basic plot graph for a story will look like a triangle with a straight line on either side.

Example of a plot graph for a story:

The triangle section of the plot graph is used to indicate the rising and falling of tension in the plot. The flat line at the start of the graph, which is for exposition, suggests a lack of tension as this is where characters are usually in the most ‘normal’ circumstances.

The triangle then forms after this flat line, indicating a rise in tensions, which coincides with the rising action section of the plot. The rising action is placed on an upward line, which demonstrates that tension is progressively being built. This tension is built up to the climax of the story, which indicates that this is the peak point of tension.

Following the climax or turning point of the plot, the line slopes downwards, which shows that tension slowly decreases from this point onwards. It also points out that the main story and the subplots will start to be wrapped up at this stage. You will find the ‘falling action’ stage along this downwards-sloping line.

The last stage in a plot graph for a story is the flat line, along which is the resolution stage. Like the chart’s start, the flat line indicates a lack of tension because the story is coming to a close, and the characters have often reached a new sense of normalcy.

Drawing up a plot graph before you start writing your story is an excellent way of ensuring that you have all of your significant plot points in place.