Teachers

How to Implement the Read Aloud Teaching Strategy in Your Classroom

Description

For many learners, ideas on the page come alive when they are spoken. Reading content aloud provides a way to help all learners access the material and develops their skills as active listeners. Listening to skilled readers provides a model for fluent reading and can help struggling learners recognize how to pronounce unfamiliar words. By inviting learners to read, this method encourages class participation and takes the focus off the instructor as the only source of information.

Implementation

  1. Select a Text: Most content is appropriate to read as a read-aloud activity. It can be challenging to hold some learners’ attention to content longer than two pages, but an incredibly engaging story can hold learners’ attention for quite a while. Utilize your knowledge of your learners, coupled with the appeal of the content, to select a reading of suitable length.
  2. Read Aloud: When doing a read-aloud, it is best if all learners have a copy of the content so that they can follow along, usually taking notes as they listen. The instructor or a volunteer can begin reading the content, reading a few lines, or a whole paragraph. There are many ways to format a read-aloud:
    • Learners can read in the order in which they are sitting, continuing around the room until the content is finished. Sometimes, instructors allow learners to say “pass” if they prefer not to read.
    • Read-alouds can be formatted “popcorn style.” As soon as one learner stops reading, another learner can begin.
    • Instructors can assign learners a section of the content to read. Often instructors give learners the assignment the night before so that they can practice reading for homework.
  • As the content is read, learners can mark up their content or take notes on a graphic organizer. Many instructors have learners underline or highlight important words or phrases in the content and write questions in the margins of the page. Sometimes, instructors give learners questions that they must answer as they listen to the content being read.
  1. Pause for Comments: Depending on the length of the reading, you may want to pause after each paragraph to check for comprehension, clarify misconceptions, and ask learners to make predictions.
  2. Reread Sections: If there are especially important parts of the material that you want to emphasize, you can have learners reread these sections. Learners often pick up on different ideas and words when they hear a text read more than once. Or, after the read-aloud, you can ask learners to reread the content silently on their own.

How to Implement the News Article Analysis Teaching Strategy in Your Classroom

Description

Utilize this teaching method to help learners identify and analyze the key characteristics of the three most common types of news articles: straight news, feature, and opinion. This method helps learners develop their news literacy and critical thinking skills, and it can be used with any article that fits into one of these categories.

Implementation

It may be an excellent idea to review the characteristics of the three major types of news articles before asking learners to answer the guiding questions below.

  1. Straight News Article: Straight news articles provide essential information to readers on current events. They usually follow an inverted pyramid format.
  2. Feature Article: Feature articles cover a topic or person in more depth. They also offer writers more freedom to utilize storytelling strategies or literary devices, and they are often supplemented by visual aids such as photos or illustrations.
  3. Opinion Article: Unlike the other two areas, which strive to be non-biased, opinion articles allow the writer to take a stance on a particular issue or debate. They are often written by someone outside the field of journalism but an expert on the topic. You may also want to share examples of each type of news article with learners. In small groups, ask learners to identify the category of each piece. Then facilitate a class discussion on how they made their decisions. The questions below provide a format for learners to analyze the key features of each type of news article. You can select which questions learners must answer based on the article you assign.

General Questions:

  1. What type of news piece is this? What features help you identify it?
  2. What info does the headline embody? If there are any graphics or illustrations, what information do they give?
  3. What are the key concepts in the article?
  4. What is the tone of the article? How do the sentence format, ideas, and writing style add to the sound?
  5. What kinds of evidence does the author give in the article? In what ways does the evidence support the author’s conclusions?
  6. How effective is the author’s use of supporting evidence?

Feature Article Questions:

  1. Describe the setting of the article?
  2. What details does the author use to describe the setting, storyline, or other themes of the article?
  3. Do you notice any graphics? How do these visuals enhance the storyline or the author’s point of view?

Opinion Article Questions:

  1. Who is the author of the article? Is the author credible?
  2. What are the central contentions of the article?
  3. Are there any weaknesses in the author’s argument?
  4. What counter-arguments would you offer to some of the author’s central claims?

What’s Next? Questions:
Use this checklist to help learners determine the significance and perspective of the article. Learners must ask the following questions:

  1. What questions does this article raise?
  2. Where can we go to get answers or more information?
  3. Where can we go to get the other side of the argument?

19 Ways to Help Kids Develop a Habit of Finishing What They Start

Are you looking for ways to help kids develop a habit of finishing what they start? If so, keep reading.

1. Give the learner established time limits before a learning experience begins.

2. Support the learner in performing their duties. As the learner shows success in performing duties, slowly decrease assistance and require the learner to independently assume more responsibility.

3. Be clear when giving instructions to transition from one learning experience to the next.

4. Draft an agreement with the learner stipulating what behavior is required (e.g., putting learning materials away and getting ready for another learning experience) and which reinforcement will be implemented when the agreement has been met.

5. Select a peer to model finishing a learning experience and putting learning materials away for the learner.

6. Give the learner more than enough time to finish a learning experience. As the learner shows success, decrease the amount of time given to finish a learning experience.

7. Establish time limits so that the learner knows how long they have to work and when they must be finished.

8. Give sufficient transition time for the learner to finish a learning experience and get ready for the next learning experience.

9. Utilize a timer to help the learner know when it is time to change to a new learning experience.

10. Teach time-management skills. Get the learner to make a daily plan and follow it. Urge the learner to avoid becoming distracted by activities, impulses, and moods.

11. Talk about the learner’s duties at the beginning of each class period so they know what is expected.

12. Restrict the learner’s use of those things they have been irresponsible in putting away, returning, etc.

13. Show the learner when they do not put things away, what they are doing wrong, what they are supposed to be doing, and why.

14. Make sure that duties given to the learner are appropriate for their level of development and capacity and ability.

15. Use a signal method (e.g., turning the lights off and on) to warn that the end of a learning experience is near, and it is time to finish and put learning materials away.

16. Be firm, fair, and consistent, expecting the learner to change from one learning experience to another (e.g., do not let the learner change learning activities without putting learning materials away one time and not the next).

17. Give an incentive statement along with an instruction (e.g., “You may listen to your CD player after you finish your task and put away all learning materials. ”).

18. Assess the appropriateness of the task to ascertain (a) if the task is too easy, (b) if the task is too complicated, and (c) if the duration of time scheduled to finish the task is sufficient.

19. Consider using assistive technology designed to help students to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder concentrate. Click here to view list of assistive technology apps that we recommend.

24 Tips to Help Your Child Learn to Follow Directions and Instructions

Are you looking for tips to help your child learn to follow directions and instructions? If so, keep reading.

1. Make sure you the learner can hear you. If not, get a little closer.

2. Minimize the number of instructions given at one time (i.e., give the learner each additional step after the conclusion of the prior step).

3. Make instructions important to the learner. Attempt to relate instructions to future experiences on the job site.

4. Create task rules (e.g., listen to instructions, wait until all oral instructions have been given, ask questions about anything not grasped, make sure you have all the appropriate learning materials, and begin the task when you are sure about what you are supposed to do, etc.).

5. Make sure that the learner is paying attention to the teacher (e.g., making eye contact, hands free of writing learning materials, looking at task, etc.) before instructions are given.

6. Urge the learner to create an understanding of the consequences of their behavior by writing down or talking through problems that may happen due to their failure to receive/read instructions (e.g., if you don’t read the instructions before starting the task, you will waste time and possibly have to redo the task).

7. Give instructions on a one-to-one basis before assigning a task.

8. Inform the learner that instructions will be given only once.

9. Praise those students who receive instructions before starting a new task.

10. Teach the learner to follow graphic charts and diagrams closely when reading instructions.

11. Stop the learner from beginning something before being given instructions (e.g., sit next to him/her, give out learning materials when it is time to begin the task, etc.).

12. Stop the learner from becoming overstimulated by a learning experience(e.g., frustrated, angry, etc.).

13. Do not require the learner to finish the task/learning experience in one sitting.

14. Urge the learner to understand the consequences of impulsive behavior (e.g., if you begin a work task before all instructions are given, you may do things incorrectly).

15. Make sure that the learner has all the learning materials needed to finish the task/learning experience.

16. Indicate what is to be done for the conclusion of the task (e.g., make definite starting and stopping points, find a minimum requirement, etc.).

17. Show the learner that work done incorrectly during class time will have to be made up at other times (e.g., during homeroom, before/after school, during lunchtime, etc.).

18. Give the learner more than enough time to finish a learning experience. As the learner shows success, slowly decrease the amount of time given to finish a learning experience.

19. Connect with the learner’s cooperative work experience/vocational education teacher to continuously reinforce receiving instructions prior to beginning a task.

20. Get the learner to question any directions, explanations, or instructions not grasped before starting a task to reinforce comprehension.

21. Consider using a classroom management app to help the student learn to follow directions and instructions. Click here to view a list of apps that we recommend.

22. Consider using an adaptive behavior management app to help the student learn to follow directions and instructions. Click here to view a list of apps that we recommend.

23. Consider using Alexa to help the student learn to follow directions and instructions. Click here to read an article that we wrote on the subject.

24. Click here to learn about six bonus strategies for challenging problem behaviors and mastering classroom management.

So You Want to Attend Graduate School: The 411 on Grad School Admissions Tests

Applying for admission to professional and graduate schools is no less competitive than college/undergraduate admissions. If you’re planning to pursue a degree in business, law, medicine, or graduate studies, you can bet that one of the essential requirements would be to take a standardized exam.

Although school records and grades from your undergraduate studies will be considered, you might be wondering why your diploma and college transcript might not be enough. This is because your aptitude for learning needs to be compared against the applicants from all over the country and abroad.

Examples of Standardized Exams

Each type of program will require you to take a specific standardized exam. Graduate Record Examination (GRE) for graduate studies, Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) for business school, Law School Admission Test (LSAT) for law school, and Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) for med school.

Each type of test will measure specific abilities and skills needed for the program you’re applying for. The GRE and GMAT measure verbal, analytical, and quantitative abilities. The LSAT measures reading, writing, and logical reasoning, while the MCAT measures the sciences’ mastery.

The GRE and GMAT have similar components (some business schools accept the GRE!), confusing those who intend to take it. To be safe, make sure to check the requirements of the program of the school you wish you apply for.

How to Prepare

To help students prepare for the exams, some schools and learning institutions offer review classes. Not only do they go through the subject matter to be tested on, but the review classes also prepare the students by teaching them practical exam-taking skills.

Some exam takers have seen the benefit of taking formal review classes because it helps them brush up on some knowledge and skillsets that might have become dormant during college. For example, a Journalism graduate might need a thorough review of math concepts in preparation for taking the GMAT.

Independent learners and those who have tight schedules may opt to buy review books to study on their own. Most of these review books contain sample tests to be used for practice.

Exam Scores and Other Requirements

You have to aim to get a high score on the standardized test. Some schools use the scores to filter out which candidates to choose to continue in the admissions process. You can expect that the ivy league schools will only consider applicants with the highest scores.

High scores in the standardized tests will broaden your options for schools. Having a high score may also make you eligible for grants, financial assistance, and scholarships. If you’re one of the late bloomers who had lackluster grades in college, a high score on the standardized test might boost your chances of at least getting admitted. It shows growth in your potential to learn.

Standardized exams, interviews, recommendation letters, and the admissions essay will give schools an idea of how well you will fare in graduate studies. Of course, this is just an approximation because once you are admitted to a school, the more significant challenge would be to complete the degree.

Teaching & Learning Strategies, Concepts, and Terms That Every Teacher Must Know: Letters AP-AR

To be considered a competent educator, there are almost 2000 strategies, concepts, and terms that you must know. However, since teachers wear so many hats, who has the time to learn them all? Don’t worry; we have you covered. In this series, we will discuss all the teaching and learning strategies, concepts, and terms that you need to know to be considered an effective educator. There are over 70 articles in this series, so pace yourself. We recommend reading one piece per weekday, which will allow you to complete the series in three to four months. We hope you enjoy it.

Click here to read all the articles in this series.

AP (Advanced Placement program) An initiative offered by the College Board, which gives students the chance to take university-level classes while in high school.

Apgar Rating A test for newborns immediately after birth that measures the heart rate, breathing effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and skin tone.

Applied Behavior Analysis The application of behavioral learning principles to behavior comprehension and modification.

Apraxia Is the absence of voluntary muscle control. Regardless of how healthy the muscles may appear, the user has no control over them. The inability to intentionally move normally developed muscles has a substantial impact on academic success because students learn by doing and communicating. Learners with apraxia may benefit from sip-and-puff systems that allow the user to control a computer or other mobile device.

Aptitude An innate capacity or talent in a particular area of study or work.

Aptitude Test An assessment designed to predict future learning or skill mastery if the appropriate instruction is provided.

Archival Portfolio A collection of a student’s work stored in a way that it can be passed on from one teacher to the next over the academic years.

Argumentative Writing A style of writing that uses forms of reasoning, persuasion, as well as factual and other evidence to support one or more claims about a topic or text.

Arrays Graphic form representations of the relationships between topics, ideas, and details. Examples include semantic webs, mapping, and the herringbone technique.

Articulation Disorder A disorder characterized by extraordinary challenges when it comes to forming the sounds of everyday communication. This may be due to a structural problem with the mouth or a motor-based issue. Collectively, these difficulties are considered to be articulation disorders. They can make classroom education extremely hard for both teachers and students. However, there are some ways that teachers can help students with articulation disorders still succeed academically.

Articulation The proper placement of the teeth, tongue, lips, and jaw when pronouncing speech.

Artifacts Items created by a student and included in a portfolio which display their capabilities, knowledge or dispositions.

Artificial Intelligence The development and ability of computer programs to complete tasks normally performed by people, such as speech recognition, language translation, visual perception, and even decision making. In the future, we can expect to see even more artificial intelligence in the classroom. Artificial intelligence could be used to personalize the education experience for students. Programs that use artificial intelligence can act as tutors for students by determining what each student is struggling with and delivering personalized interventions, just as a teacher would. Robots could someday provide one-on-one tutoring or coaching sessions to bring struggling students up to speed.

Arts Integration A teaching method which integrates the arts to expand learning opportunities for diverse student populations.

Developing Plans To Support Students During A School Crises

A sad reality of the world we live in is the odds of serious school crises occurring. While the bunker drills of the Cold War era are becoming a distant memory, active shooter drills are now common ever since the 1999 Columbine shooting. The ever-present fire and tornado drills are still being engrained, as they should, but are overshadowed by the seemingly more likely occurrence of a severe school crisis such as an active shooter. 

Reactions To A Crisis

One of the most important parts of a school crisis is keeping a clear head and not letting fear drive actions. This has led to training programs such as Alert, Lockdown, Inform, Counter, and Evacuate (ALICE) becoming a regular part of a school’s plans for a crisis and a movement away from the originally more typical “lockdown” procedure.

The goal of both approaches is to maximize protection and safety through a clearly outlined plan that is practiced prior to a crisis. This serves to curb the initial fear and panic that occurs when a real incident starts.

Effects Of A Crisis

The National Association for Continuing Education created a detailed look at school crises and the effects they have on a school’s culture and its students. An inherent part of a school crisis is that it creates chaos and instability within a school not only during the crisis (which training programs like ALICE try to mitigate) but also with the aftereffects. The school’s safety, security, and in turn stability become heavily compromised and viewed by students, staff, and the community as faulty. This is a dangerous viewpoint to entertain because it erodes the system of trust on nearly every level.

What parent would want their child to stay in a school that can’t protect them? What teacher would want to teach at a school that put their lives and the lives of their students in danger? These are all important questions that even a seemingly ironclad crisis plan needs to wrestle with and answer. 

Supporting Students After A Crisis

The U.S Department of Education places having a crisis plan implemented as a high priority for all schools but also stresses the importance of a recovery plan. The effects of a school crisis are felt long after the actual event. Some of the strategies highlighted are:

  • Assess the event to learn what worked and didn’t work
  • Meet with staff to create an assessment plan to help monitor students regarding the emotional impact of the crisis
  • Implement a support system with counselors to help guide students through emotional support
  • Give ample time for recovery

Conclusion

Thankfully, there are now numerous guides, strategies, and case studies on the different crisis plans available that give a holistic approach that focuses on the support of the students before, during, and after a crisis. It is up to a school’s board and administration to find a plan that works best for their district and their responsibility to their staff, students, and community to ensure that when a crisis occurs, everyone is as prepared as they can be. 

Stop Telling Teachers to Just be Grateful

I am tired. I am tired of having the same arguments over and over again. Why do people think it is okay to tell myself and other teachers to be grateful we have a job at all right now if we voice any sort of discontent? Why do other teachers attack their own when they voice their concerns about the state of our profession? Why are these things mutually exclusive in the eyes of some people?

When schools closed, teachers had to make drastic changes with very little time, resources, and training. I have a master’s in Learning and Technology, but outside of that program I have never been given any PD or classes that would have been applicable to remote learning. Even that program I did was not at all about teaching 100% online, it was about technology integration and blended learning – which is not the same as fully remote. Educators still scrambled to become proficient enough to provide online instruction, and continually walked students through how to use the technology as well.

Teachers have spent countless hours reaching out to students and parents, sometimes with no response. We have been documenting every little thing to make sure we cover our own backsides in the case that there are complaints. And despite this, there were still parents who claimed teachers did not do enough and demanded their child be given special treatment. Many teachers, administrators, and counselors had to have lengthy conversations justifying the amount of contact made and proving that the child (and sometimes parent) failed to respond or engage.

All across the country teachers provided instruction as best they could with what they had. Many implemented daily Zoom office hours, let students schedule individual tutoring with them, and took emails and texts all hours of the night. Remote teaching was insanely more stressful – there was no “go home and relax” after another rough day, we live at work these days. I have always been able to separate my work from home, and it was nearly impossible these past few months. Teachers have been losing sleep over trying to make sure that all students’ needs are being met and they have made themselves available for students whenever humanly possible.

We all know there have been massive layoffs across the country and not just in teaching. This crisis has made an impact on the economy that has resulted in slimmer budgets and panic around districts and companies alike. There are educators and support staff across the country who were not given another contract for next year because of budget cuts. There are educators who have taken pay cuts, been told they would no longer be getting their promised raise, and many have been told the district has not made final decisions yet. The situation is currently bleak.

But I want us to think back to where we were the first week in March. There was a nationwide teacher shortage, with some states having over a thousand unfilled positions year after year. Teachers had been promised in many states for another round of Red for Ed raises, or maybe just a regular yearly expected raise. We were dealing with large class sizes, lack of resources for our classrooms, and consistently disrespected by non-educators and especially our leaders. For years we have been underpaid and demanding more, yet even with the Red for Ed raises we aren’t even close to what we deserve. The first week of March, many of us wondered what would happen as Red for Ed faded into history and was no longer at the forefront of discussions. Then COVID-19 slammed our country and everything changed.

I am absolutely grateful for my job. First, I actually really love the school I work at and I have felt my district has handled this crisis well and taken care of its teachers. Second, I recognize that I am one of the lucky ones. We have lost more than half a million teacher and support staff jobs since March, which is more than we lost in the entirety of the Great Recession when cuts decimated education funding. As I and many others look toward this fall, we have no idea what will happen. We cannot plan because we haven’t been told if we are teaching in-person or online.

Educators are waiting for decisions to be made, and they will be made last minute, when it will once again be too late to provide PD and training to help us with whatever fall will entail. Some districts are opting to offer a variety of options: in-person, hybrid, and fully online, yet have not communicated to teachers what choice they will have or what their role in these options will be. Therefore, despite being grateful, I see what is happening to education once again and I am not happy.

I will not sit idly by and pat leaders on the back for not firing all of us just three months after a teacher shortage was threatening the state of our country’s education. I will not forget the promises made by Red for Ed and that we still have so far to go. I will not pretend like any of this is normal – in what world should individuals with two advanced degrees make less than $50,000 a year? Things were absolutely unacceptable before the COVID crisis hit, and we have regressed so far in just three short months. Whether we go back in the fall to in-person classes or continue with remote learning we are doing it with less funding. There will be even larger class sizes, even less classroom resources, especially as funds are redirected to provide staff with PPE. That is, assuming they do not add that to the long list of things educators are expected to purchase themselves.

Do not let our leaders convince you that you should just sit quietly and be grateful for having the job at all. When everything fell apart in March, we were pretty essential to the function of society, yet we continue to be disrespected by the same people who would never dare step foot in a classroom. We are expected to be martyrs because no one goes into teaching for the money anyway. No, I did not go into teaching for the money – but I also didn’t go into it to watch my profession have a decade of progress broken down in the length of a quarter.

So yes, I am grateful to be employed right now. But make no mistake, I am not thankful for the low pay, increasing class sizes, lack of resources, and refusal of anyone to show me respect as a professional. I will always fight to change these things until our leaders actually fix it.

Bio: I am a second year teacher who has done a lot of learning and growing in the short time I have been an educator. I was hired by a middle school to complete my student teaching and then finished my first year at the school. I currently work in an alternative school for students with behavior and mental health concerns. I am passionate about teaching and my mission is to help other educators maintain their passion for it as well. I also like to advocate for the better treatment of teachers by improving pay and work conditions.

The Necessity of Community

March 13th, 2020 was the last day I walked the halls of my school with students still in attendance. I’ll remember this day well since it was supposed to be the day we had a big event for our male students called March Dadness. March Dadness is an event intended to foster relationships between male students and significant adults in their lives. We had speakers lined up, team building activities, and plenty of food and fellowship. It was a great event in 2019 and many of our students were excited to participate again. Sadly, we had to cancel the event at the 11th hour due to the emerging crisis.

Upon reflection of the event in 2019, it was a small sample of what was right in our community. We had male students show up from all different backgrounds and neighborhoods. We had a generous faith-based sponsor provide money for food and a t-shirt for each participant. The most important aspect of the night was that it cultivated a sense of belonging for our stakeholders or in other words, community.  This made cancelling this event such a disappointment. We weren’t just canceling an event, it felt like in a strange way we were canceling community.

After being quarantined for the better part of six weeks, it feels as if March Dadness and interacting with students and teachers is a distant memory. I don’t want it to feel that way and I am still in touch, but it is difficult to maintain these relationships when you are not saying “good morning,” walking through classes and having tough conversations that are not a part of your regular routine. As I reflect, I am reminded that these routines cultivate community in our schools. Students and teachers want to feel “known” in their school community and it makes them know they are valued.

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, my community has shifted. I exercise, in socially distant manner, with a small group of men in my neighborhood four days a week. We push each other in our workouts, crack jokes and talk about the latest events. We even have a text change that extends the banter beyond our early morning workouts. Since we can’t go anywhere, we have been brought closer together simply as a result of increased time together. After comparing my school and my small exercise group, I have been reminded of some basic truths about community through this recent experience:

  1. We were created to be in community. It really doesn’t matter what your community is, but you were made to be in one. I have shifted some of my community focus from my school to my exercise partners. I have also involved myself in Zoom calls, webinars and group texts. There is a desire that exists to be a part of something with others. It also doesn’t matter if you’re an introvert or an extrovert. We want to be with others and we want to do life with others. As school leaders, we must capitalize on this desire for all stakeholders to belong to their community. What can we do more of to help students feel that they are a part of something?
  2. Healthy community pushes you to be a better version of yourself. I don’t exercise as hard by myself. If I am with others, I am encouraged to do more exercises, different exercises and harder exercises. I get better physically. Within the context of the school community, I am asked challenging questions that push me to dig into solutions. These experiences happen within the context of community, not in isolation.
  3. Community makes life pleasurable. When I talk to parents and scholars, many have lamented that this experience has increased their stress and they are yearning to return to normalcy. Students want to be with their friends. They have stated that it’s not fun to be stuck at home by themselves. They want community because community brings them joy. When I exercise with my neighbors in the mornings, it has brought great fun and enjoyment in the midst of a time of great uncertainty in our country.
  4. Community reminds you of truth. Human nature already assumes that the way you think about something is true and correct. It is not until you are challenged by someone outside of yourself that you begin to think differently. You are challenged by what is true through your community. Recently, one of the guys in our exercise group made a joke towards another guy that was considered offensive. He meant it in jest, but the damage was done. It wasn’t until other guys stepped in and reminded him that the joke was indeed inappropriate that he apologized.  We need community to make us aware of these missteps. When we are in a school community, we constantly do the same thing. If a student doesn’t act appropriately, if a teacher isn’t professional or we analyze data in a way that isn’t accurate we have others to point us to the facts. We need community to remind us of this.

As we continue to trudge through a new normal in American public education, it is important that we remember the importance of community in quality schools. There is little doubt that if and when schools return, they will look quite different. However, the cultivation of strong community should remain an emphasis in the next phase of our country’s education history. Community is not just important for our schools and our neighbors, it is important for us as humans.

Biography:

Dr. Eric H. Tornfelt is an Assistant Principal at Sedgefield Middle School in Charlotte, NC.  Dr. Tornfelt was honored as Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools Teacher of the year in 2012.  He has a proven track record of instructional leadership success in a variety of school settings.  He completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Furman University and his Doctorate of Education in Educational Leadership from Wingate University.

What Teachers Need to Know to Support Students with Chronic Health Conditions

Chronic health conditions are illnesses whose symptoms can wax and wane over a period of months or over the period of a lifetime. Chronic illnesses vary widely and are not equally symptomatic, even within the same person. Therefore, students with chronic illnesses require ongoing flexible accommodations. The education of a student suffering from a chronic illness can oftentimes be severely impacted. Teachers must be equipped with the knowledge of how best to assist these students.

How chronic illnesses can affect education:

Illness, or medication for illness, may reduce work ethic and endurance

Chronic pain or certain conditions that impair the brain’s function may cause a lack of work ethic or endurance for lengthy, cognitively demanding tasks. Additionally, various medications a student may take to treat his illness can cause these same side effects. This can lead to students taking longer to complete work.

Students frequently miss school

Frequent doctor appointments, hospitalizations, or days home sick in bed can cause frequent student absences. Students who are frequently absent are much less likely to meet grade-level standards than peers who are seldom absent. Additionally, students suffering from chronic illness may find it difficult to maintain strong relationships with their peers due to chronic absenteeism. This resulting loneliness can lead to many additional problems.

Prejudice and stigmatization

Students with chronic illnesses may face prejudice and stigmatization by their peers. In the eyes of others, a student with a chronic illness may be viewed as lazy, incompetent, or weak. Some peers may feel that the student is exaggerating or faking his symptoms in order to receive special treatment.

Difficulty moving around the school environment

Some students suffering from chronic illness may be mobility-impaired and have difficulty moving around the school environment. Consequently, they require more time to walk from class to class and will therefore consistently miss additional instructional time.

Difficulty participating in some school activities

Students that are mobility-impaired may also have difficulty participating in activities such as P.E. and playground time. This can also be the case with students who have difficulty breathing properly or who require a constant attachment to medical equipment.

Mental health conditions may result from the effects of the chronic physical illness

Stigmatization, loneliness, lack of meaningful peer relationships, chronic pain, and other factors may lead to mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. These mental illnesses can have severe effects on a child’s education.

How can teachers accommodate students suffering from chronic illness?

It’s clear that students suffering from chronic illness are going through a lot, mentally and physically. It’s incredibly important for teachers to be aware of the backgrounds of their students so that they can provide appropriate support and accommodations. Following are some examples of ways that teachers can accommodate and support their students suffering from chronic illness:

If a student has difficulty focusing on work due to fatigue or lack of concentration, allow him to use a computer, voice recorder, or other technology to complete his assignments more efficiently.

For students who are chronically absent, provide after school tutoring and allow extra time to complete assignments and tests.

Allow students to take frequent restroom breaks or visits to the nurse if their condition requires it.

Accommodating students suffering from chronic illness is as important as accommodating any student with special needs, Limited English Proficiency, or other aspect that needs specific interventions. Be sure to ask your school’s administration for extra support if you need help with these accommodations. While it may not seem that your effort to accommodate one student is being recognized, you can be certain your extra effort means the world to that one student.